Exodus 5:5

Pharaoh also said, "Look, the people of the land are now numerous, and you would be stopping them from their labor."

Study Bible

Pharaoh also said
The term "Pharaoh" refers to the title used for the ancient Egyptian monarchs. In the context of Exodus, Pharaoh represents the epitome of earthly power and opposition to God's will. Historically, Pharaohs were considered divine or semi-divine figures, which adds to the tension in the narrative as Moses, a servant of the true God, confronts him. This phrase indicates Pharaoh's authoritative voice and his role as the antagonist in the unfolding account of Israel's deliverance.

Look
This word is a call to attention, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the situation. It suggests that Pharaoh is drawing attention to a perceived problem, which in his view, is the growing number of Israelites. The use of "look" here is a rhetorical device to assert his perspective and control over the narrative, attempting to justify his subsequent actions.

the people of the land
This phrase refers to the Israelites, who were living in Egypt at the time. Historically, the Israelites had settled in Egypt during a time of famine, as recounted in the account of Joseph. Over time, they had grown into a large community. The term "people of the land" underscores their identity as a distinct group within Egypt, highlighting the tension between their increasing numbers and their status as foreigners and slaves.

are now numerous
The Hebrew root for "numerous" conveys the idea of multiplication and growth. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be as numerous as the stars (Genesis 15:5). From a historical perspective, the rapid growth of the Israelite population would have been seen as a threat to the Egyptians, who feared being outnumbered and potentially overpowered.

and you would be stopping them
This phrase indicates Pharaoh's accusation against Moses and Aaron, suggesting that their actions are disruptive. The Hebrew root for "stopping" implies a cessation or interruption of activity. Pharaoh perceives the request for a religious observance as a direct challenge to his authority and the economic stability of Egypt, which relied heavily on the labor of the Israelites.

from their labor
The word "labor" here refers to the forced work imposed on the Israelites, which was harsh and oppressive. This labor was central to the Egyptian economy, particularly in construction and agriculture. Theologically, this highlights the bondage from which God intends to deliver His people, setting the stage for the subsequent plagues and the eventual Exodus. The contrast between Pharaoh's desire to keep the Israelites in labor and God's plan for their freedom underscores the central theme of liberation in the book of Exodus.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, representing the oppressive power that enslaved the Israelites. His heart was hardened against God's command to let the Israelites go.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to deliver the Israelites from slavery. They were sent to Pharaoh to demand the release of the Israelites.

3. The Israelites
The descendants of Jacob, who were living in Egypt as slaves. They were numerous and oppressed under harsh labor conditions.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were enslaved. It symbolizes a place of bondage and oppression in the biblical account.

5. Labor
The forced work imposed on the Israelites by the Egyptians. It represents the physical and spiritual bondage from which God intended to deliver His people.

Teaching Points

God's Awareness of Oppression
Just as God was aware of the Israelites' suffering, He is aware of our struggles today. We can trust that He hears our cries and has a plan for our deliverance.

The Hardness of Heart
Pharaoh's refusal to listen to God's command is a warning against hardening our hearts to God's voice. We must remain open and obedient to His guidance.

The Value of Freedom
The Israelites' desire for freedom from labor reflects the human longing for spiritual freedom. In Christ, we find true liberation from the bondage of sin.

The Power of Multiplication
Despite oppression, the Israelites multiplied. This demonstrates God's ability to bless and grow His people even in difficult circumstances.

The Role of Leadership
Moses and Aaron's courage to confront Pharaoh teaches us the importance of godly leadership and obedience to God's call, even in the face of opposition.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pharaoh's response in Exodus 5:5 reflect the spiritual condition of a hardened heart, and how can we guard against this in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the oppression of the Israelites in Egypt parallel the spiritual bondage people experience today, and how can we apply the message of deliverance in our lives?

3. How does the multiplication of the Israelites despite their oppression encourage us in times of personal or communal hardship?

4. What can we learn from Moses and Aaron's example about responding to God's call, especially when facing powerful opposition?

5. How does the theme of labor and rest in Exodus 5:5 connect to Jesus' invitation in Matthew 11:28-30, and how can we find rest in Him amidst our daily struggles?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 15:13-14
God's prophecy to Abraham about his descendants being enslaved and mistreated in a foreign land, which sets the stage for the events in Exodus.

Exodus 1:7-14
Describes the multiplication of the Israelites in Egypt and the subsequent oppression by the Egyptians, leading to the events in Exodus 5.

Exodus 3:7-10
God's call to Moses, where He expresses His awareness of the Israelites' suffering and His plan to deliver them.

Matthew 11:28-30
Jesus' invitation to those who are weary and burdened, offering rest, which parallels God's desire to free the Israelites from their burdens.