Exodus 3:9
And now the cry of the Israelites has reached Me, and I have seen how severely the Egyptians are oppressing them.
And now
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, indicating a transition from past events to immediate divine action. In Hebrew, the word "now" (וְעַתָּה, ve'atah) often signals urgency and the unfolding of God's plan. It suggests that the time for divine intervention has arrived, emphasizing God's active role in history and His responsiveness to human suffering.

the cry of the Israelites
The Hebrew word for "cry" (צְעָקָה, tze'akah) conveys a deep, anguished plea for help. This is not merely a complaint but a desperate call for deliverance. The Israelites' cry reflects their intense suffering and oppression under Egyptian bondage. It also signifies the power of prayer and supplication, reminding believers that God hears the cries of His people and is moved to act on their behalf.

has reached Me
This phrase underscores God's attentiveness and accessibility. The Hebrew verb (בָּא, ba) implies arrival or coming into the presence of. It reassures the faithful that God is not distant or indifferent but is intimately aware of their plight. The imagery of the cry reaching God suggests a direct line of communication between humanity and the divine, highlighting God's compassion and readiness to intervene.

and I have seen
The verb "seen" (רָאָה, ra'ah) in Hebrew indicates not just visual observation but a deep understanding and acknowledgment of the situation. God's seeing is comprehensive and empathetic, contrasting with human limitations. This phrase assures believers that God is fully aware of their circumstances and is actively engaged in addressing injustice and suffering.

how severely
The adverb "severely" (לַחַץ, lachatz) conveys the intensity and harshness of the oppression. It reflects the brutal reality of the Israelites' condition under Egyptian rule. This acknowledgment of severity emphasizes God's justice and His commitment to righting wrongs. It serves as a reminder that God is aware of the depth of human suffering and is moved to act against it.

the Egyptians are oppressing them
The term "oppressing" (לָחַץ, lachatz) is the same root as "severely," reinforcing the harshness of the Israelites' experience. Historically, this oppression included forced labor and harsh treatment, as described earlier in Exodus. The Egyptians' actions are depicted as unjust and cruel, setting the stage for God's deliverance. This phrase highlights the theme of liberation and God's power to rescue His people from tyranny, offering hope and assurance of divine justice.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Israelites
The descendants of Jacob, also known as the children of Israel, who are living in Egypt under severe oppression and slavery.

2. Egyptians
The people of Egypt, led by Pharaoh, who are oppressing the Israelites, forcing them into hard labor.

3. God (Yahweh)
The God of Israel, who hears the cries of His people and is preparing to deliver them from bondage.

4. Moses
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, Moses is the central figure in this chapter, being called by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.

5. Mount Horeb (Sinai)
The location where God appears to Moses in the burning bush, initiating the call to deliver the Israelites.
Teaching Points
God Hears the Oppressed
God is attentive to the cries of those who are suffering. This should encourage believers to cry out to God in times of distress, knowing He is compassionate and responsive.

Divine Timing
God's response to the Israelites' cries demonstrates His perfect timing. Believers can trust that God is working even when His timing does not align with our expectations.

God's Faithfulness to His Promises
The deliverance of the Israelites is a fulfillment of God's covenant promises. This reassures believers of God's faithfulness to His Word and His promises to us.

Role of Intercessors
Moses' role as a deliverer highlights the importance of intercessors who stand in the gap for others. Believers are called to be intercessors in prayer and action for those in need.

Awareness of Injustice
Just as God is aware of the oppression of the Israelites, believers are called to be aware of and respond to injustices in the world, advocating for those who cannot speak for themselves.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the knowledge that God hears the cries of the oppressed impact your prayer life and your response to personal or observed injustices?

2. In what ways can you be an intercessor like Moses for those who are suffering or in need of deliverance today?

3. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's perfect timing in your life. How does this encourage you to trust Him in current situations?

4. How can you actively participate in God's work of justice and deliverance in your community or globally?

5. Consider the promises God has made in Scripture. How can you hold onto these promises in times of waiting or uncertainty?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 15:13-14
God's prophecy to Abraham about his descendants being enslaved and oppressed in a foreign land, and His promise to deliver them.

Exodus 2:23-25
The context of the Israelites' suffering and God's remembrance of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Psalm 34:17
The assurance that God hears the cries of the righteous and delivers them from their troubles.

Acts 7:34
Stephen's speech recounting God's words to Moses, affirming God's awareness of His people's suffering and His plan for deliverance.
The Burning BushH.T. Robjohns Exodus 3:1-10
How Moses Met with GodJ. Urquhart Exodus 3:3-10
A Large Promise for a Great NeedD. Young Exodus 3:7-9
God's Sympathy with the OppressedJ. Orr Exodus 3:7-11
People
Amorites, Canaanites, Egyptians, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Isaac, Israelites, Jacob, Jebusites, Jethro, Moses, Perizzites, Pharaoh
Places
Egypt, Horeb, Midian
Topics
Behaviour, Behold, Cruel, Cry, Egyptians, Furthermore, Israelites, Moreover, Oppress, Oppressing, Oppression, Reached, Sons, Truly, Wherewith
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 3:9

     1466   vision
     5196   voice
     7515   anti-semitism
     8791   oppression, nature of

Exodus 3:1-10

     4269   Sinai, Mount

Exodus 3:7-9

     5825   cruelty, God's attitude
     8614   prayer, answers
     8792   oppression, God's attitude

Exodus 3:7-10

     7135   Israel, people of God

Exodus 3:7-11

     5102   Moses, life of

Exodus 3:8-10

     1315   God, as redeemer

Library
June 7. "When Ye Go; Ye Shall not Go Empty" (Ex. Iii. 21).
"When ye go; ye shall not go empty" (Ex. iii. 21). When we are really emptied He would have us filled with Himself and the Holy Spirit. It is very precious to be conscious of nothing good in ourselves; but, oh, are we also conscious of His great goodness? We may be ready to admit our own disability, but are we as ready to admit His ability? There are many Christians who can say, "We are not sufficient of ourselves to think anything as of ourselves"; but the number I fear is very small who can say,
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Bush that Burned, and did not Burn Out
'And, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.' EXODUS iii. 1 It was a very sharp descent from Pharaoh's palace to the wilderness, and forty years of a shepherd's life were a strange contrast to the brilliant future that once seemed likely for Moses. But God tests His weapons before He uses them, and great men are generally prepared for great deeds by great sorrows. Solitude is 'the mother- country of the strong,' and the wilderness, with its savage crags, its awful silence,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Call of Moses
'Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth My people the children of Israel, out of Egypt. 11. And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt? 12. And He said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain. 13. And Moses said unto God, Behold,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Fourth Day. Holiness and Revelation.
And when the Lord saw that Moses turned aside to see, He called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I. And He said, Draw not nigh hither; put off thy shoes from thy feet, for the place where thou standest is holy ground. And Moses hid his face, for He was afraid to look upon God.'--Ex. iii. 4-6. And why was it holy ground? Because God had come there and occupied it. Where God is, there is holiness; it is the presence of God makes holy. This is the
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

May the Tenth God's Use of Men
"I have surely seen the affliction of My people ... come now, therefore, I will send thee." --EXODUS iii. 1-14. Does that seem a weak ending to a powerful beginning? The Lord God looks upon terrible affliction and He sends a weak man to deal with it. Could He not have sent fire from heaven? Could He not have rent the heavens and sent His ministers of calamity and disasters? Why choose a man when the arch-angel Gabriel stands ready at obedience? This is the way of the Lord. He uses human means
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

Moses
(Fifth Sunday in Lent.) EXODUS iii. 14. And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM. And now, my friends, we are come, on this Sunday, to the most beautiful, and the most important story of the whole Bible-- excepting of course, the story of our Lord Jesus Christ--the story of how a family grew to be a great nation. You remember that I told you that the history of the Jews, had been only, as yet, the history of a family. Now that family is grown to be a great tribe, a great herd of people, but not
Charles Kingsley—The Gospel of the Pentateuch

Jehovah. The "I Am. "
WHEN Moses in the desert beheld the burning bush God answered his question by the revelation of His name as the "I Am." "And God said unto Moses, I am, that I am: and He said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you" (Exod. iii:14). He who spake thus out of the bush to Moses was the same who in the fullness of time appeared upon the earth in the form of man. Our Lord Jesus Christ is no less person, than the I AM. If we turn to the fourth Gospel in which the Holy
Arno Gaebelein—The Lord of Glory

Introduction to Ad Afros Epistola Synodica.
(Written About 369.) The synodical letter which follows was written after the accession of Damasus to the Roman see (366). Whether it was written before any Western synod had formally condemned Auxentius of Milan (see Letter 59. 1) may be doubted: the complaint (§10) is rather that he still retains possession of his see, which in fact he did until 374, the year after the death of Athanasius. At any rate, Damasus had had time to hold a large synod, the letter of which had reached Athanasius.
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Letter xxv. To Marcella.
An explanation of the ten names given to God in the Hebrew Scriptures. The ten names are El, Elohim, Sabaôth, Eliôn, Asher yeheyeh (Ex. iii. 14), Adonai, Jah, the tetragram JHVH, and Shaddai. Written at Rome 384 a.d.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

The Training of a Statesman.
MOSES IN EGYPT AND THE WILDERNESS.--EX. 1:1; 7:5. Parallel Readings. Goodnow, F. J., Comparative Administrative Law. Hist. Bible I, 151-69. And he went out on the following day and saw two men of the Hebrews striving together; and he said to the one who was doing the wrong, Why do you smite your fellow-workman? But he replied, Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian? Then Moses was afraid and said, Surely the thing is known. When, therefore,
Charles Foster Kent—The Making of a Nation

Christian Worship,
PART I In the early days of the Gospel, while the Christians were generally poor, and when they were obliged to meet in fear of the heathen, their worship was held in private houses and sometimes in burial-places under-ground. But after a time buildings were expressly set apart for worship. It has been mentioned that in the years of quiet, between the death of Valerian and the last persecution (A D. 261-303) these churches were built much more handsomely than before, and were furnished with gold
J. C. Roberston—Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation

The Incarnation.
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by Him; and without Him was not any thing made that hath been made. In Him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in the darkness; and the darkness apprehended it not. There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John. The same came for witness, that he might bear witness of the light, that all might believe through him. He was
Marcus Dods—The Expositor's Bible: The Gospel of St. John, Vol. I

Philo of Alexandria, the Rabbis, and the Gospels - the Final Development of Hellenism in Its Relation to Rabbinism and the Gospel According to St. John.
It is strange how little we know of the personal history of the greatest of uninspired Jewish writers of old, though he occupied so prominent a position in his time. [173] Philo was born in Alexandria, about the year 20 before Christ. He was a descendant of Aaron, and belonged to one of the wealthiest and most influential families among the Jewish merchant-princes of Egypt. His brother was the political head of that community in Alexandria, and he himself on one occasion represented his co-religionists,
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

On the Symbols of the Essence' and Coessential. '
We must look at the sense not the wording. The offence excited is at the sense; meaning of the Symbols; the question of their not being in Scripture. Those who hesitate only at coessential,' not to be considered Arians. Reasons why coessential' is better than like-in-essence,' yet the latter may be interpreted in a good sense. Explanation of the rejection of coessential' by the Council which condemned the Samosatene; use of the word by Dionysius of Alexandria; parallel variation in the use of Unoriginate;
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Question of the Division of Life into the Active and the Contemplative
I. May Life be fittingly divided into the Active and the Contemplative? S. Augustine, De Consensu Evangelistarum, I., iv. 8 " Tractatus, cxxiv. 5, in Joannem II. Is this division of Life into the Active and the Contemplative a sufficient one? S. Augustine, Of the Trinity, I., viii. 17 I May Life be fittingly divided into the Active and the Contemplative? S. Gregory the Great says[291]: "There are two kinds of lives in which Almighty God instructs us by His Sacred Word--namely, the active and
St. Thomas Aquinas—On Prayer and The Contemplative Life

Jesus Calls Four Fishermen to Follow Him.
(Sea of Galilee, Near Capernaum.) ^A Matt. IV. 18-22; ^B Mark I. 16-20; ^C Luke V. 1-11. ^a 18 And walking ^b 16 And passing along by the sea of Galilee [This lake is a pear-shaped body of water, about twelve and a half miles long and about seven miles across at its widest place. It is 682 feet below sea level; its waters are fresh, clear and abounding in fish, and it is surrounded by hills and mountains, which rise from 600 to 1,000 feet above it. Its greatest depth is about 165 feet], he [Jesus]
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Discourse Suggested Thereby.
(Galilee.) ^A Matt. XI. 2-30; ^C Luke VII. 18-35. ^c 18 And the disciples of John told him of all these things. ^a 2 Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent by his disciples ^c 19 And John calling unto him two of his disciples sent them unto the Lord [John had been cast into prison about December, a.d. 27, and it was now after the Passover, possibly in May or June, a.d. 28. Herod Antipas had cast John into prison because John had reproved him for taking his brother's wife.
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Wonderful.
Isaiah ix:6. HIS name shall be called "Wonderful" (Isaiah ix:6). And long before Isaiah had uttered this divine prediction the angel of the Lord had announced his name to be Wonderful. As such He appeared to Manoah. And Manoah said unto the angel of Jehovah, What is thy name, that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honor. And the angel of Jehovah said unto Him "why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is Wonderful" (margin, Judges xiii:17-18). This angel of Jehovah, the Person who
Arno Gaebelein—The Lord of Glory

Of Preparation.
That a Christian ought necessarily to prepare himself before he presume to be a partaker of the holy communion, may evidently appear by five reasons:-- First, Because it is God's commandment; for if he commanded, under the pain of death, that none uncircumcised should eat the paschal lamb (Exod. xii. 48), nor any circumcised under four days preparation, how much greater preparation does he require of him that comes to receive the sacrament of his body and blood? which, as it succeeds, so doth it
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

A Sabbath in Capernaum
It was the Holy Sabbath - the first after He had called around Him His first permanent disciples; the first, also, after His return from the Feast at Jerusalem. Of both we can trace indications in the account of that morning, noon, and evening which the Evangelists furnish. The greater detail with which St. Mark, who wrote under the influence of St. Peter, tells these events, shows the freshness and vividness of impression on the mind of Peter of those early days of his new life. As indicating that
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Eternity of God
The next attribute is, God is eternal.' Psa 90:0. From everlasting to everlasting thou art God.' The schoolmen distinguish between aevun et aeternum, to explain the notion of eternity. There is a threefold being. I. Such as had a beginning; and shall have an end; as all sensitive creatures, the beasts, fowls, fishes, which at death are destroyed and return to dust; their being ends with their life. 2. Such as had a beginning, but shall have no end, as angels and the souls of men, which are eternal
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Meditations for the Sick.
Whilst thy sickness remains, use often, for thy comfort, these few meditations, taken from the ends wherefore God sendeth afflictions to his children. Those are ten. 1. That by afflictions God may not only correct our sins past, but also work in us a deeper loathing of our natural corruptions, and so prevent us from falling into many other sins, which otherwise we would commit; like a good father, who suffers his tender babe to scorch his finger in a candle, that he may the rather learn to beware
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Christian's God
Scripture References: Genesis 1:1; 17:1; Exodus 34:6,7; 20:3-7; Deuteronomy 32:4; 33:27; Isaiah 40:28; 45:21; Psalm 90:2; 145:17; 139:1-12; John 1:1-5; 1:18; 4:23,24; 14:6-11; Matthew 28:19,20; Revelation 4:11; 22:13. WHO IS GOD? How Shall We Think of God?--"Upon the conception that is entertained of God will depend the nature and quality of the religion of any soul or race; and in accordance with the view that is held of God, His nature, His character and His relation to other beings, the spirit
Henry T. Sell—Studies in the Life of the Christian

Mary, Future Mother of Jesus, visits Elisabeth, Future Mother of John the Baptist.
(in the Hill Country of Judæa, b.c. 5.) ^C Luke I. 39-56. ^c 39 And Mary arose in these days [within a week or two after the angel appeared to her] and went into the hill country [the district of Judah lying south of Jerusalem, of which the city of Hebron was the center] with haste [she fled to those whom God had inspired, so that they could understand her condition and know her innocence--to those who were as Joseph needed to be inspired, that he might understand--Matt. i. 18-25], into a city
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

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