Exodus 18:13
The next day Moses took his seat to judge the people, and they stood around him from morning until evening.
The next day
This phrase indicates a continuation from the previous events where Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, had arrived and offered sacrifices to God. The "next day" signifies a new beginning, a fresh opportunity for Moses to carry out his duties. In the Hebrew context, days are often seen as divinely appointed times for action and reflection, emphasizing the importance of each day in fulfilling God's purposes.

Moses took his seat
The act of taking a seat symbolizes authority and judgment. In ancient Near Eastern culture, sitting was the posture of a judge or teacher. Moses, as the leader appointed by God, assumes his role as the arbiter of the people's disputes. This action underscores his responsibility and the weight of leadership he carries. The Hebrew root for "seat" (כִּסֵּא, kisse) often denotes a throne or place of authority, highlighting Moses' God-given role.

to judge the people
Judging the people was a critical function in maintaining order and justice within the Israelite community. The Hebrew word for "judge" (שָׁפַט, shaphat) implies not only legal decisions but also guidance and leadership. Moses' role as a judge reflects his deep commitment to God's law and his desire to lead the people in righteousness. This task was essential for the community's cohesion and spiritual health.

and they stood around him
The people standing around Moses indicates their respect and recognition of his authority. In the ancient world, standing was a posture of attentiveness and readiness to receive instruction or judgment. This scene portrays a community eager for guidance and resolution of their disputes, highlighting the trust they placed in Moses as God's appointed leader.

from morning until evening
This phrase emphasizes the exhaustive nature of Moses' work and the constant demands placed upon him. The Hebrew understanding of time from "morning until evening" suggests a full day's labor, reflecting Moses' dedication and the overwhelming needs of the people. It also foreshadows the need for a more sustainable system of governance, which Jethro later advises. This dedication serves as an inspiration for leaders to serve diligently and seek God's wisdom in managing their responsibilities.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The central figure in this passage, Moses is the leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to deliver His people from Egyptian bondage. Here, he is seen acting as a judge for the people.

2. The People of Israel
The Israelites, who have been delivered from Egypt, are now in the wilderness. They come to Moses to seek judgment and guidance.

3. Judging
The act of Moses sitting to judge the people indicates his role as a mediator and leader, providing wisdom and settling disputes among the Israelites.

4. Morning until Evening
This phrase highlights the extensive and exhaustive nature of Moses' task, indicating the heavy burden of leadership he carried.

5. Jethro's Visit
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, the context involves Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, who observes Moses' leadership and later advises him on delegating responsibilities.
Teaching Points
The Burden of Leadership
Leadership often involves significant responsibility and can be overwhelming. Moses' example shows the importance of seeking God's guidance and wisdom in fulfilling leadership roles.

The Importance of Delegation
Effective leadership involves recognizing one's limitations and delegating tasks to others. This not only eases the leader's burden but also empowers others to serve and grow.

Seeking Wise Counsel
Moses' interaction with Jethro highlights the value of listening to wise counsel. Leaders should remain open to advice and willing to implement changes for the betterment of the community.

Commitment to Justice
Moses' dedication to judging the people from morning until evening underscores the importance of justice and fairness in leadership. Leaders should strive to be just and impartial in their decisions.

Sustaining Ministry through Shared Responsibility
The model of shared responsibility seen in Moses' leadership and the early church serves as a blueprint for sustaining ministry efforts and ensuring that leaders do not become overwhelmed.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does Moses' role as a judge reveal about the nature of leadership in a community of faith?

2. How can the principle of delegation seen in this passage be applied in modern church or organizational settings?

3. In what ways can leaders today seek and apply wise counsel, as Moses did with Jethro?

4. How does the concept of shared responsibility in leadership relate to the New Testament model of the early church?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to make a difficult decision. How can Moses' example of commitment to justice guide you in future decisions?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 1:9-18
This passage recounts Moses' acknowledgment of the burden of leadership and the establishment of a system of judges to assist him, reflecting the advice given by Jethro.

Acts 6:1-7
The early church faced a similar situation where the apostles delegated responsibilities to deacons to ensure the effective ministry of the Word and care for the community.

1 Kings 3:16-28
Solomon's wisdom in judging the people is reminiscent of Moses' role, emphasizing the need for discernment and wisdom in leadership.
The Visit of JethroJ. Orr Exodus 18:1-13
Consulting with GodWilliam A. Lay.Exodus 18:13-16
LessonsG. Hughes, B. D.Exodus 18:13-16
LessonsG. Hughes, B. D.Exodus 18:13-16
The Christian in Public PathsH.T. Robjohns Exodus 18:13-16
Jethro's AdviceD. Young Exodus 18:13-26
Good Counsel Well TakenJ. Urquhart Exodus 18:13-27
The Appointment of JudgesJ. Orr Exodus 18:13-27
People
Aaron, Egyptians, Eliezer, Gershom, Jethro, Moses, Pharaoh, Zipporah
Places
Egypt, Midian, Rephidim
Topics
Decisions, Evening, Judge, Morning, Morrow, Pass, Sat, Seat, Serve, Sitteth, Stand, Stood, Till, Waiting
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 18:13

     5103   Moses, significance
     5181   sitting
     5184   standing

Exodus 18:13-14

     4954   morning
     9230   judgment seat

Exodus 18:13-16

     5897   judging others

Exodus 18:13-24

     5636   work, and rest

Exodus 18:13-26

     5054   responsibility, examples
     5358   judges
     8438   giving, of time

Library
The Ideal Statesman [Footnote: Preached on Occasion of Mr. Gladstone's Death. ]
'Thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them.'--EXODUS xviii. 21. You will have anticipated my purpose in selecting this text. I should be doing violence to your feelings and mine if I made no reference to the event which has united the Empire and the world in one sentiment. The great tree has fallen, and the crash has for the moment silenced all the sounds of the forest. Wars abroad and controversies at home are
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Gershom and Eliezer
'The name of the one [of Moses' sons] was Gershom ... and the name of the other was Eliezer....'--EXODUS xviii. 3, 4. In old times parents often used to give expression to their hopes or their emotions in the names of their children. Very clearly that was the case in Moses' naming of his two sons, who seem to have been the whole of his family. The significance of each name is appended to it in the text. The explanation of the first is, 'For he said, I have been an alien in a strange land'; and that
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Origin and Growth of Law.
MOSES' WORK AS JUDGE AND PROPHET.--Ex. 18; 1-27; 33:5-11. Parallel References. Hist. Bible I, 198-203. Prin. of Politics, Ch. VI. Maine, Ancient Law. Jehovah spake to Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend--Ex. 33: 11. And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard cases they brought unto Moses, but every small
Charles Foster Kent—The Making of a Nation

The Development of the Earlier Old Testament Laws
[Sidenote: First the principle, and then the detailed laws] If the canon of the New Testament had remained open as long as did that of the Old, there is little doubt that it also would have contained many laws, legal precedents, and ecclesiastical histories. From the writings of the Church Fathers and the records of the Catholic Church it is possible to conjecture what these in general would have been. The early history of Christianity illustrates the universal fact that the broad principles are
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

That the Ruler Relax not his Care for the Things that are Within in his Occupation among the Things that are Without, nor Neglect to Provide
The ruler should not relax his care for the things that are within in his occupation among the things that are without, nor neglect to provide for the things that are without in his solicitude for the things that are within; lest either, given up to the things that are without, he fall away from his inmost concerns, or, occupied only with the things that are within bestow not on his neighbours outside himself what he owes them. For it is often the case that some, as if forgetting that they have
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Opposition to Messiah Ruinous
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel T here is a species of the sublime in writing, which seems peculiar to the Scripture, and of which, properly, no subjects but those of divine revelation are capable, With us, things inconsiderable in themselves are elevated by splendid images, which give them an apparent importance beyond what they can justly claim. Thus the poet, when describing a battle among bees, by a judicious selection of epithets
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Easter Tuesday
Second Sermon. Same Text. Acts 13, 26-39. THE WORD AND THE RESURRECTION.[1] [Footnote 1: This sermon appeared first in the Church Postil, the Explanation of the Epistle and Gospel Texts from Easter to Advent. Printed by Hans Lufft, Wittenberg, 1559.] 1. This sermon was preached by Paul in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia, where were gathered with the Jews some Greek converts. Wherever in a city Jews were to be found, there also were their synagogues in which they taught and preached; and many
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. II

After the Scripture.
"In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God created He him."--Gen. v. 1. In the preceding pages we have shown that the translation, "in Our image," actually means, "after Our image." To make anything in an image is no language; it is unthinkable, logically untrue. We now proceed to show how it should be translated, and give our reason for it. We begin with citing some passages from the Old Testament in which occurs the preposition "B" which, in Gen. i. 27, stands before image, where
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Appendix xii. The Baptism of Proselytes
ONLY those who have made study of it can have any idea how large, and sometimes bewildering, is the literature on the subject of Jewish Proselytes and their Baptism. Our present remarks will be confined to the Baptism of Proselytes. 1. Generally, as regards proselytes (Gerim) we have to distinguish between the Ger ha-Shaar (proselyte of the gate) and Ger Toshabh (sojourner,' settled among Israel), and again the Ger hatstsedeq (proselyte of righteousness) and Ger habberith (proselyte of the covenant).
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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