Deuteronomy 24:19

If you are harvesting in your field and forget a sheaf there, do not go back to get it. It is to be left for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow, so that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.

Study Bible

When you reap the harvest in your field
The phrase "reap the harvest" refers to the act of gathering mature crops from the fields. In Hebrew, the word for "reap" is "קָצַר" (qatsar), which signifies cutting down or harvesting. This agricultural imagery is deeply rooted in the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where the harvest was a time of both labor and celebration. The "field" represents the land that God has provided, emphasizing stewardship and the responsibility to manage God's gifts wisely.

and forget a sheaf there
A "sheaf" is a bundle of grain stalks laid lengthwise and tied together after reaping. The Hebrew word "עֹמֶר" (omer) is used here, which also refers to a measure of grain. Forgetting a sheaf is not merely an oversight but an opportunity for obedience to God's command. This act of leaving behind a sheaf is a test of faith and trust in God's provision, reminding the Israelites that their abundance is not solely for personal gain.

do not go back to get it
This command is a direct instruction to resist the natural inclination to retrieve what was left behind. It reflects a principle of generosity and selflessness. The Hebrew culture, deeply rooted in community and mutual care, is called to prioritize the needs of others over personal completeness. This act of leaving the sheaf is a tangible expression of faith in God's continued provision.

It is to be left for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow
The "foreigner" (גֵּר, ger), "fatherless" (יָתוֹם, yathom), and "widow" (אַלְמָנָה, almanah) represent the marginalized and vulnerable in society. God's heart for justice and compassion is evident in His provision for these groups. By leaving the sheaf, the Israelites are participating in God's redemptive work, ensuring that those without land or family support are cared for. This reflects the broader biblical theme of social justice and God's concern for the oppressed.

so that the LORD your God may bless you
The promise of blessing is contingent upon obedience to God's commands. The Hebrew word for "bless" is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which implies a divine favor and empowerment. This blessing is not just material but encompasses spiritual and communal well-being. It underscores the principle that generosity and obedience to God's laws result in His favor and provision.

in all the work of your hands
The "work of your hands" signifies the labor and efforts of the Israelites. In Hebrew, "מַעֲשֶׂה" (ma'aseh) refers to deeds or actions. God's blessing extends to all aspects of life, affirming that every endeavor, when aligned with His will, is under His sovereign care. This phrase encourages believers to dedicate their work to God, trusting that He will prosper their efforts when they act in accordance with His commands.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The original audience of Deuteronomy, receiving laws and instructions from Moses as they prepared to enter the Promised Land.

2. Foreigners, Fatherless, and Widows
Vulnerable groups in society who were often marginalized and lacked resources.

3. The Field
Represents the agricultural setting of ancient Israel, where the Israelites were to practice these laws.

4. Moses
The leader and prophet who delivered God's laws to the Israelites.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who commands these acts of mercy and promises blessings for obedience.

Teaching Points

God's Heart for the Vulnerable
This verse reveals God's compassion and justice, emphasizing His desire for His people to care for those who are marginalized.

Obedience and Blessing
The promise of blessing for obedience highlights the principle that God rewards those who follow His commands with a sincere heart.

Community Responsibility
The law encourages a communal approach to welfare, where everyone plays a part in supporting the needy.

Generosity as Worship
Leaving behind a portion of the harvest is an act of worship, acknowledging God's provision and sovereignty.

Practical Love
This commandment is a practical expression of love and faith, demonstrating that true faith is active and visible in our actions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Deuteronomy 24:19 reflect God's character and His priorities for His people?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of leaving a "forgotten sheaf" in our modern context to support those in need?

3. How does the account of Ruth and Boaz illustrate the practical application of this law, and what can we learn from their example?

4. What are some modern-day equivalents to the "foreigner, fatherless, and widow" that we are called to support, and how can we do so effectively?

5. How does the promise of blessing for obedience in this verse encourage us to trust and follow God's commands in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 19:9-10
Similar instructions are given about leaving the edges of the field and the gleanings for the poor and the foreigner, emphasizing God's concern for the needy.

Ruth 2
The account of Ruth gleaning in Boaz's field illustrates the practical application of this law and highlights God's provision through obedience.

James 1:27
The New Testament reiterates the importance of caring for orphans and widows, showing continuity in God's concern for the vulnerable.

Matthew 25:35-40
Jesus teaches about serving "the least of these," which aligns with the spirit of Deuteronomy 24:19 in caring for those in need.