Deuteronomy 24:1

If a man marries a woman, but she becomes displeasing to him because he finds some indecency in her, he may write her a certificate of divorce, hand it to her, and send her away from his house.

Study Bible

If a man takes a wife and marries her
This phrase sets the context for the discussion on marriage and divorce. The Hebrew word for "takes" is "laqach," which implies a formal and deliberate action of taking a wife, signifying the seriousness and covenantal nature of marriage. In ancient Israel, marriage was not merely a social contract but a sacred covenant before God, reflecting His relationship with His people.

and she finds no favor in his eyes
The phrase "finds no favor" uses the Hebrew word "chen," meaning grace or favor. This indicates a subjective judgment by the husband, which could be influenced by personal feelings or societal pressures. In the biblical context, favor is often associated with divine grace, suggesting that human relationships should mirror God's graciousness.

because he has found some indecency in her
The term "indecency" is translated from the Hebrew "ervat davar," which literally means "nakedness of a thing." This phrase has been the subject of much debate among scholars and rabbis, historically interpreted as anything from sexual immorality to more trivial matters. The ambiguity of "ervat davar" highlights the need for discernment and righteousness in judgment, as well as the potential for misuse of this provision.

and he writes her a certificate of divorce
The "certificate of divorce" is a formal document, known in Hebrew as a "get." This legal document was necessary to protect the rights of the woman, allowing her to remarry without stigma. The requirement of a written certificate underscores the gravity of divorce and the need for due process, reflecting God's desire for order and justice.

gives it to her, and sends her away from his house
The act of giving the certificate and sending her away signifies the formal end of the marriage covenant. In ancient Israel, the husband's house was the center of family life, and being sent away was a significant and life-altering event for the woman. This underscores the seriousness of divorce and the importance of considering its consequences, both socially and spiritually.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, delivering God's laws to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The audience receiving the law, God's chosen people, preparing to enter the Promised Land.

3. Marriage
The covenant relationship between a man and a woman, central to the social structure of Israel.

4. Divorce
The legal dissolution of marriage, addressed here with specific conditions.

5. Certificate of Divorce
A formal document required to legally end a marriage, providing protection and rights to the woman.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Context
Recognize that Deuteronomy 24:1 was given in a specific cultural and historical context where divorce was already practiced. The law aimed to regulate and protect, not endorse divorce.

The Sanctity of Marriage
Marriage is a sacred covenant designed by God. This passage underscores the seriousness of entering and maintaining this covenant.

The Role of the Heart
Jesus highlights that the allowance for divorce was due to the hardness of human hearts. Believers are called to cultivate hearts that align with God's original design for marriage.

Legal Protections and Compassion
The requirement of a certificate of divorce was a legal protection for women, ensuring their rights and dignity. This reflects God's concern for justice and compassion.

Reflecting Christ in Marriage
Christian marriages should strive to reflect the love, commitment, and sacrifice exemplified by Christ and the Church.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Deuteronomy 24:1 help us interpret its meaning today?

2. In what ways does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 19:3-9 expand upon or clarify the principles found in Deuteronomy 24:1?

3. How can we apply the principle of protecting the vulnerable, as seen in the requirement for a certificate of divorce, in our relationships today?

4. What steps can we take to ensure our marriages reflect the love and commitment described in Ephesians 5:25-33?

5. How can the church support individuals and couples in upholding the sanctity of marriage while also offering grace and support to those who have experienced divorce?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 19:3-9
Jesus references this passage when discussing the nature of marriage and divorce, emphasizing the original intent of marriage and the hardness of human hearts.

Malachi 2:16
God expresses His disdain for divorce, highlighting the importance of faithfulness in marriage.

Genesis 2:24
Establishes the foundational principle of marriage as a union where a man and woman become one flesh.

1 Corinthians 7:10-11
Paul provides guidance on marriage and divorce, urging reconciliation and commitment.

Ephesians 5:25-33
Describes the ideal of marriage as a reflection of Christ's relationship with the Church, emphasizing love and sacrifice.