Deuteronomy 20:20

But you may destroy the trees that you know do not produce fruit. Use them to build siege works against the city that is waging war against you, until it falls.

Study Bible

However
This word introduces a contrast or exception to the previous instructions given in the text. In the context of Deuteronomy 20, God provides specific guidelines for warfare, emphasizing the importance of preserving life and resources. The Hebrew word used here, "raq," often signifies a limitation or condition, reminding the Israelites of the balance between justice and mercy, even in times of war.

you may chop down
The act of chopping down trees is permitted under specific circumstances. The Hebrew verb "karath" implies a deliberate and purposeful action. In ancient warfare, resources were crucial, and the ability to use available materials for strategic purposes was essential. This permission underscores the practical needs of the Israelites while maintaining a focus on ethical conduct.

any tree that you know is not producing food
The distinction between fruit-bearing and non-fruit-bearing trees highlights the value placed on sustenance and life. The Hebrew word "yada" (to know) suggests a conscious awareness and discernment. This reflects a broader biblical principle of stewardship and the responsible use of creation, ensuring that resources necessary for life are preserved.

and use it to build siege works
Siege works were essential in ancient warfare for breaching city defenses. The Hebrew term "matsor" refers to fortifications or military structures. This phrase acknowledges the reality of conflict and the need for strategic planning, yet it is framed within the context of ethical warfare, where unnecessary destruction is avoided.

against the city that is waging war against you
This phrase identifies the context of defensive action. The Hebrew word "ir" (city) and the concept of a city "waging war" emphasize the defensive nature of the Israelites' actions. It reflects the biblical principle of just war, where defense and protection of the community are paramount.

until it falls
The completion of the siege is marked by the fall of the city. The Hebrew verb "naphal" (to fall) indicates the end of hostilities. This phrase serves as a reminder of the ultimate goal of peace and resolution, even in the midst of conflict. It underscores the hope for restoration and the cessation of violence, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of redemption and peace.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, delivering God's laws and instructions to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, receiving instructions on warfare and conduct.

3. Canaan
The land promised to the Israelites, where they would encounter cities to besiege.

4. Siege Works
Structures built to attack and capture fortified cities during warfare.

5. Fruit Trees vs. Non-Fruit Trees
Differentiation between trees that provide sustenance and those that can be used for construction.

Teaching Points

Stewardship of Resources
God instructs the Israelites to preserve fruit trees, teaching us the importance of wise resource management and environmental stewardship.

Discernment in Action
The command to distinguish between fruit and non-fruit trees highlights the need for discernment in our decisions, ensuring that our actions align with God's purposes.

Purposeful Destruction
While destruction is sometimes necessary, it should be purposeful and not wasteful. This principle can be applied to how we handle conflicts and challenges in life.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites were to follow God's specific instructions, reminding us of the importance of obedience in our spiritual walk.

Balance Between War and Peace
The passage reflects the balance between engaging in necessary conflict and preserving life-giving resources, applicable to both physical and spiritual battles.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the instruction to preserve fruit trees in Deuteronomy 20:20 reflect God's character and priorities?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of discernment from this passage to our daily decision-making?

3. How does the concept of stewardship in Deuteronomy 20:20 relate to our responsibility towards the environment today?

4. What are some modern-day "siege works" we might need to build in our spiritual lives, and how can we ensure they align with God's will?

5. How can the balance between necessary destruction and preservation in this passage inform our approach to conflict resolution in personal relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 1:29-30
Highlights God's provision of plants and trees for food, emphasizing the importance of preserving fruit trees.

Leviticus 19:23-25
Discusses the laws regarding fruit trees and their use, reinforcing the value of fruit-bearing trees.

Ecclesiastes 3:1-8
Reflects on the appropriate times for various actions, including war, which relates to the context of Deuteronomy 20.

Matthew 7:17-20
Jesus uses the metaphor of trees and fruit to describe the nature of people, connecting to the idea of discernment in Deuteronomy 20:20.