1 Samuel 20:18

Then Jonathan said to David, "Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed if your seat is empty.

Study Bible

Then Jonathan said to David
This phrase introduces a moment of deep friendship and loyalty between Jonathan and David. Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is speaking to David, who is anointed to be the next king of Israel. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often conveys not just the act of speaking but also the intention and emotion behind the words. Jonathan's words are filled with concern and care, highlighting the covenantal bond between the two men. This relationship is a profound example of godly friendship, characterized by selflessness and mutual respect, which is a model for Christian relationships today.

Tomorrow is the New Moon
The "New Moon" refers to the beginning of the lunar month in the Hebrew calendar, a time marked by special sacrifices and feasting (Numbers 28:11-15). The Hebrew word for "New Moon" is חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh), which also means "month." This was a significant time for the Israelites, both religiously and socially. The New Moon festival was a time of renewal and reflection, reminding the people of God's creation and His provision. In the context of this verse, it sets the stage for the unfolding events, as David's absence from the king's table would be conspicuous.

and you will be missed
The phrase "you will be missed" underscores the anticipated absence of David at the royal table. The Hebrew root פָּקַד (paqad) can mean to miss, to visit, or to appoint, indicating a sense of expectation and significance. David's absence would not go unnoticed, highlighting his importance in the royal court and the tension between him and King Saul. This phrase also reflects the emotional weight of the situation, as Jonathan and David navigate the dangers posed by Saul's jealousy.

if your seat is empty
The "seat" here refers to David's place at the king's table, a position of honor and recognition. The Hebrew word מָקוֹם (maqom) means "place" or "seat," signifying not just a physical location but also a role or status. An empty seat would be a silent testimony to David's absence and the strained relationship with Saul. In a broader sense, this phrase can symbolize the void left by the absence of righteous leadership or fellowship, reminding believers of the importance of presence and participation in community and worship.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and covenant friendship with David, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is a fugitive, fleeing from King Saul's attempts to kill him.

3. New Moon Festival
A significant religious and social event in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month. It was a time for sacrifices and communal meals, where attendance was expected.

4. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly hostile towards David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. The Royal Court
The setting for the New Moon festival, where Saul, Jonathan, and other officials would gather for the feast.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Godly Friendships
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies loyalty and selflessness. In a world where relationships can be transactional, their friendship is a model of covenantal love and support.

Understanding Religious Observances
The New Moon festival reminds us of the importance of regular, communal worship and the rhythm of spiritual practices in our lives.

Courage in the Face of Adversity
Jonathan's willingness to stand by David, even against his father, challenges us to consider where we might need to show courage and integrity in our own relationships.

The Role of Divine Providence
Despite the danger David faces, God's providence is evident in the protection and support he receives through Jonathan. This encourages us to trust in God's plan, even in difficult circumstances.

The Cost of Disobedience
Saul's actions serve as a warning of how jealousy and disobedience to God can lead to destructive behavior and broken relationships.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between Jonathan and David challenge our understanding of loyalty and sacrifice in our own relationships?

2. In what ways can we incorporate regular spiritual observances, like the New Moon festival, into our modern lives to enhance our worship and community?

3. What are some practical ways we can show courage and integrity in our relationships, even when it might cost us personally?

4. How can we recognize and trust in God's providence in our lives, especially when facing adversity or uncertainty?

5. Reflecting on Saul's jealousy and disobedience, what steps can we take to guard our hearts against similar destructive emotions and actions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18-19
These chapters provide context for Saul's growing animosity towards David and the deepening friendship between Jonathan and David.

Numbers 10:10
This verse outlines the significance of the New Moon as a time for blowing trumpets and offering sacrifices, highlighting its importance in Israelite worship.

Psalm 81:3
This psalm references the New Moon as a time for celebration and worship, reinforcing its cultural and religious significance.