If I speak
The phrase "If I speak" introduces a hypothetical scenario, emphasizing the potential for human capability. The Greek word for "speak" is "laleō," which implies not just the act of speaking but communicating with purpose and intent. In the context of the Corinthian church, where spiritual gifts were highly valued, Paul begins by addressing the gift of eloquence and communication, setting the stage for a deeper exploration of spiritual priorities.

in the tongues of men
The "tongues of men" refers to human languages, a gift that was particularly esteemed in the early church for its role in spreading the Gospel. The Greek word "glōssa" is used here, which can mean both the physical tongue and languages. Historically, the ability to speak in various languages was seen as a miraculous sign, reminiscent of the events at Pentecost (Acts 2), where the apostles spoke in different tongues to reach diverse audiences.

and of angels
The "tongues of angels" suggests a heavenly or divine language, elevating the discussion to a spiritual realm. This phrase implies a communication that transcends human understanding, possibly referring to the pure and perfect language of celestial beings. The mention of angelic tongues highlights the Corinthian fascination with spiritual gifts and the supernatural, urging readers to consider the ultimate purpose of such gifts.

but have not love
The conjunction "but" introduces a critical contrast, underscoring the central theme of the passage. The Greek word for "love" here is "agapē," which denotes selfless, sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like "eros" (romantic) or "philia" (brotherly). This love is the highest form of love, reflecting God's nature and the love demonstrated by Christ. Paul emphasizes that without this foundational love, all other gifts and abilities are rendered meaningless.

I am only a ringing gong
The imagery of a "ringing gong" conveys emptiness and lack of substance. In ancient times, gongs were used in pagan rituals, producing loud but hollow sounds. The Greek word "chalkos" refers to bronze or copper, materials known for their resonance but also their lack of melody. This metaphor suggests that without love, even the most eloquent speech is reduced to noise, devoid of spiritual value.

or a clanging cymbal
Similarly, a "clanging cymbal" represents a harsh, discordant sound. The Greek word "kymbalon" refers to a percussion instrument that, when played without harmony, can be jarring and unpleasant. This further illustrates the futility of spiritual gifts exercised without love, emphasizing that true spiritual expression must be rooted in love to be meaningful and edifying.

If I have the gift of prophecy
The Greek word for "prophecy" is "prophēteia," which refers to the ability to speak forth the mind and counsel of God. In the early church, prophecy was a highly esteemed gift, often associated with revealing divine truths and guidance. Historically, prophets were seen as God's mouthpieces, delivering messages that could guide, correct, and edify the community. However, Paul emphasizes that possessing this gift without love renders it ineffective. The essence of prophecy is not just in the revelation but in the love that should accompany its delivery.

and can fathom all mysteries
The term "mysteries" comes from the Greek "mystēria," which denotes hidden truths or divine secrets. In the biblical context, mysteries often refer to God's redemptive plan, which was once hidden but is now revealed through Christ. The ability to understand these mysteries is a profound gift, suggesting deep spiritual insight. Yet, Paul underscores that even with such profound understanding, without love, this knowledge is incomplete and lacks true value.

and all knowledge
The Greek word "gnōsis" is used here, indicating a comprehensive understanding or intellectual grasp of spiritual truths. Knowledge, in the biblical sense, is not merely intellectual but also relational, involving a deep connection with God. Historically, knowledge was highly prized in Greek culture, and Paul acknowledges its importance. However, he cautions that knowledge, devoid of love, can lead to arrogance and division rather than unity and edification.

and if I have a faith that can move mountains
This phrase echoes Jesus' teaching in the Gospels about faith's power (Matthew 17:20). The Greek word for "faith" is "pistis," which implies trust, belief, and confidence in God. The imagery of moving mountains signifies overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles through faith. In a historical context, such faith was seen as a hallmark of true discipleship. Yet, Paul insists that even this extraordinary faith is meaningless without love, highlighting love's supreme importance in the Christian life.

but do not have love
The Greek word for "love" here is "agapē," which is selfless, sacrificial, and unconditional love. Agapē is the highest form of love, reflecting God's nature and character. In the scriptural context, love is the greatest commandment and the fulfillment of the law (Matthew 22:37-40). Paul places love above all spiritual gifts, emphasizing that it is the foundation and motivation for all Christian actions and relationships.

I am nothing
This stark conclusion underscores the futility of spiritual gifts and achievements without love. The Greek word "ouden" translates to "nothing," indicating a complete lack of value or significance. Historically, this would have been a radical statement, challenging the Corinthian church's emphasis on spiritual gifts and status. Paul reminds believers that love is the true measure of spiritual maturity and worth in God's kingdom. Without love, even the most impressive spiritual feats are empty and devoid of eternal significance.

If I give all I possess to the poor
This phrase emphasizes the act of giving, which in Greek is "δώσω" (dōsō), meaning to give or bestow. The act of giving all possessions to the poor is a profound expression of charity and selflessness, reflecting the early Christian community's emphasis on communal living and support for the needy. Historically, this reflects the radical call to discipleship that Jesus presented, where material possessions were secondary to spiritual wealth. However, Paul underscores that even such extreme generosity, if not motivated by love, lacks true spiritual value.

and exult in the surrender of my body
The Greek word for "exult" is "καυχήσωμαι" (kauchēsōmai), which can mean to boast or glory. The phrase suggests a willingness to endure hardship or even martyrdom, a concept familiar to early Christians who often faced persecution. The surrender of one's body could imply ultimate sacrifice, echoing the dedication of early martyrs who gave their lives for their faith. Yet, Paul points out that even the ultimate sacrifice, if not driven by love, is empty. This highlights the primacy of love over even the most noble acts of self-sacrifice.

but have not love
The Greek word for love here is "ἀγάπην" (agapēn), which refers to a selfless, unconditional love that seeks the best for others. This is the highest form of love, often associated with divine love. In the scriptural context, agape love is the essence of Christian ethics and the greatest commandment, as Jesus taught. Paul emphasizes that without this love, all actions, no matter how sacrificial, are devoid of true spiritual merit. This underscores the centrality of love in the Christian life, as the defining characteristic of a true follower of Christ.

I gain nothing
The Greek word for "gain" is "ὠφελοῦμαι" (ōpheloumai), meaning to profit or benefit. Paul concludes that without love, even the most sacrificial acts result in no spiritual profit. This is a stark reminder that the value of our actions is not measured by their outward appearance or magnitude but by the love that motivates them. In a historical context, this teaching would have been revolutionary, challenging both the Greco-Roman honor culture and the legalistic tendencies within Judaism. It calls believers to examine their motives and to ensure that love is the driving force behind all their actions.

Love is patient
The Greek word for "patient" is "makrothumei," which conveys the idea of being long-tempered or having a long fuse. In the context of 1 Corinthians 13:4, this patience is not merely passive waiting but an active endurance of difficult circumstances and people. Historically, patience was a virtue highly esteemed in the Greco-Roman world, yet Paul elevates it as a fundamental characteristic of Christian love. This patience reflects God's own patience with humanity, as seen throughout the Old Testament, where God repeatedly shows forbearance towards Israel despite their disobedience.

love is kind
The Greek word "chresteuetai" is used here, which means to show oneself useful or to act benevolently. Kindness in this context is an active expression of love, not just a passive feeling. It involves acts of goodness and generosity, reflecting the kindness God shows to us. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its wealth and moral challenges, this kindness would stand out as a counter-cultural expression of Christian love, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel.

it does not envy
The Greek term "zeloi" is used, which can mean to be zealous or to covet. In this context, it refers to a negative form of zeal, where one desires what others have. Envy is destructive to relationships and community, and Paul emphasizes that true love does not harbor such feelings. Scripturally, envy is seen as a root of many sins, as illustrated in the account of Cain and Abel. Love, in contrast, rejoices in the blessings and successes of others.

it does not boast
The Greek word "perpereuetai" means to brag or to be a windbag. Boasting is an expression of pride and self-centeredness, which is contrary to the nature of love. In the Corinthian church, boasting was a significant issue, as members were divided over spiritual gifts and social status. Paul reminds them that love is humble and does not seek to elevate oneself above others. This humility is a reflection of Christ's own humility, as described in Philippians 2:5-8.

it is not arrogant
The Greek word "phusioo" means to be puffed up or inflated with pride. Arrogance is an inward attitude that often manifests in outward behavior, leading to division and strife. In the historical context of Corinth, arrogance was prevalent due to the city's emphasis on status and knowledge. Paul counters this by teaching that love is grounded in humility and selflessness, aligning with the teachings of Jesus, who exemplified humility in His life and ministry.

It is not rude
The Greek word for "rude" is "ἀσχημονεῖ" (aschēmonei), which implies behaving in an unbecoming or disgraceful manner. In the context of Corinthian society, where social status and public honor were highly valued, this phrase challenges believers to act with decorum and respect towards others, regardless of their social standing. The call to avoid rudeness is a call to embody the humility and gentleness of Christ, who treated all individuals with dignity and love. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching that love is considerate and seeks to uplift others rather than demean them.

it is not self-seeking
The phrase "self-seeking" translates from the Greek "ζητεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῆς" (zētei ta heautēs), meaning to seek one's own interests. In a culture that often prioritized personal gain and ambition, Paul emphasizes that true love is selfless. This reflects the sacrificial nature of Christ's love, as seen in Philippians 2:3-4, where believers are encouraged to consider others above themselves. The Christian life is marked by a pursuit of the common good, echoing the self-giving love of Jesus, who came not to be served but to serve.

it is not easily angered
The Greek term "παροξύνεται" (paroxynetai) suggests a quickness to irritation or provocation. In the historical context of Corinth, a bustling and diverse city, tensions and conflicts were common. Paul instructs the church to embody patience and restraint, reflecting the character of God, who is "slow to anger" (Psalm 103:8). This aspect of love calls believers to exercise emotional maturity and control, fostering peace and unity within the community.

it keeps no account of wrongs
The phrase "keeps no account of wrongs" comes from the Greek "οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν" (ou logizetai to kakon), meaning not to reckon or count evil. This is an accounting term, suggesting the idea of not keeping a ledger of offenses. In a society where retribution and holding grudges were common, Paul presents a radical view of forgiveness. This mirrors the forgiveness offered by God through Christ, who does not count our sins against us (2 Corinthians 5:19). Love, therefore, is characterized by a willingness to forgive and forget, promoting reconciliation and healing within relationships.

Love does not delight in evil
The Greek word for "delight" here is "χαίρω" (chairō), which means to take pleasure in or to be glad. The phrase "does not delight in evil" suggests that true love finds no joy or satisfaction in wrongdoing or injustice. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its moral and ethical challenges, this statement would have been a powerful reminder to the early Christians to separate themselves from the prevalent cultural norms that celebrated vice and immorality. The word "evil" translates from the Greek "ἀδικία" (adikia), meaning injustice or unrighteousness. This implies that love, in its purest form, is incompatible with any form of moral corruption or sin. From a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the call to live a life that reflects God's holiness, rejecting sin and its allure.

but rejoices with the truth
The Greek word for "rejoices" is "συγχαίρω" (sugchairō), which means to rejoice together or to share in another's joy. This indicates that love finds its true joy and fulfillment in the truth. The term "truth" is translated from the Greek "ἀλήθεια" (alētheia), which refers to reality, fact, or that which is in accordance with God's will and character. In the scriptural context, truth is often associated with God's word and His divine nature. Historically, the early church faced numerous false teachings and heresies, making the adherence to truth a critical aspect of their faith journey. For conservative Christians, this phrase emphasizes the importance of aligning one's life with biblical truth, celebrating and upholding the principles found in Scripture. It is a call to live authentically and transparently, reflecting the truth of the Gospel in every aspect of life.

It bears all things
The Greek word for "bears" is "stegō," which means to cover, protect, or support. In the context of love, this suggests a protective quality, akin to a roof shielding from the elements. Love, as described here, is not easily provoked or swayed by external circumstances. Historically, the early Christian community faced persecution and internal strife, yet Paul emphasizes that love provides a covering, a resilience that withstands trials. This protective nature of love is a call to Christians to support one another, to cover each other's weaknesses, and to stand firm in unity.

believes all things
The term "believes" comes from the Greek "pisteuō," which implies trust and faith. This does not suggest gullibility but rather a fundamental trust in the goodness and potential of others. In a scriptural context, this reflects the faith that God is at work in every situation and person. The early church, surrounded by a pagan world, needed this kind of faith to see beyond immediate appearances and trust in God's redemptive plan. For modern believers, it is a reminder to maintain faith in God's promises and in the transformative power of His love in others.

hopes all things
"Hopes" is translated from "elpizō," meaning to expect or anticipate with pleasure. This hope is not wishful thinking but a confident expectation rooted in God's faithfulness. In the historical context of Corinth, a city rife with moral and spiritual challenges, Paul encourages believers to look forward with hope, trusting in God's ultimate victory and the fulfillment of His promises. This hope is a driving force that propels Christians forward, even when circumstances seem bleak, reminding them of the eternal perspective that transcends present difficulties.

endures all things
The Greek word "hypomenō" means to remain steadfast under trial. This endurance is not passive but active perseverance. In the early church, endurance was crucial as believers faced persecution and hardship. Paul’s message is that love gives the strength to withstand adversity without losing faith or hope. For contemporary Christians, this endurance is a call to remain faithful in the face of trials, trusting that God's love empowers them to overcome challenges and remain steadfast in their commitment to Him and to one another.

Love never fails
The Greek word for "love" here is "agape," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. This is the highest form of love, often associated with divine love. The term "never fails" comes from the Greek "pipto," meaning to fall or collapse. In this context, it suggests that love, in its truest form, is enduring and eternal. Unlike human emotions that can waver, agape love is steadfast and unchanging, reflecting God's eternal nature. Historically, this love was exemplified by Christ's sacrifice, a love that transcends time and circumstance.

But where there are prophecies, they will cease
The word "prophecies" refers to the divine revelations and messages given by God through His prophets. The Greek term "katargeo," translated as "will cease," means to render inactive or abolish. This indicates that prophecies, while significant, are temporary and will eventually come to an end. In the historical context of the early church, prophecies were essential for guidance and edification. However, Paul emphasizes that these gifts are not eternal; they serve a purpose for a time but will ultimately be fulfilled and no longer needed in the eternal state.

where there are tongues, they will be stilled
The "tongues" mentioned here refer to the spiritual gift of speaking in languages unknown to the speaker, a phenomenon that was particularly evident during the early church as a sign to unbelievers. The Greek word "pauo," meaning "to stop" or "to restrain," is used here to indicate that this gift, too, is temporary. In the historical context, speaking in tongues was a miraculous sign of the Holy Spirit's presence, but Paul points out that such signs are not permanent fixtures of the Christian experience. They serve a purpose in the present age but will not be necessary in the fullness of God's kingdom.

where there is knowledge, it will pass away
The "knowledge" referred to here is not general knowledge but rather the spiritual insight and understanding given by God. The Greek word "gnosis" is used, which often denotes a deeper, spiritual comprehension. The phrase "will pass away" comes from the same Greek root "katargeo" as used earlier, suggesting that even this divine knowledge is partial and temporary. In the eschatological context, when believers are in the presence of God, the partial knowledge we have now will be replaced by complete understanding. This highlights the transient nature of spiritual gifts compared to the permanence of love.

For we know
The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen), which implies a process of learning or coming to understand. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing the Corinthian church's understanding of spiritual gifts and knowledge. Historically, the city of Corinth was a hub of intellectual and cultural exchange, which may have led to an overemphasis on human wisdom. Paul reminds the believers that their knowledge, even of divine matters, is limited and incomplete. This serves as a humbling reminder that human understanding is finite and should be approached with humility and reliance on God.

in part
The phrase "in part" is translated from the Greek "ἐκ μέρους" (ek merous), indicating something that is partial or incomplete. This reflects the temporary and fragmentary nature of human knowledge and prophecy. In the broader scriptural context, this phrase underscores the idea that while believers have access to divine revelation, it is not yet complete. The full revelation will only be realized in the eschatological future when believers see God face to face. This partial knowledge should inspire believers to live in faith and hope, trusting in God's ultimate plan and revelation.

and we prophesy
The Greek word "προφητεύομεν" (prophēteuomen) refers to the act of speaking forth by divine inspiration. In the early church, prophecy was a significant spiritual gift, used for edification, exhortation, and comfort. However, Paul emphasizes that even this gift is exercised "in part." Historically, prophecy was highly valued in the Corinthian church, but Paul seeks to put it in perspective by showing that it, too, is incomplete. This serves as a reminder that spiritual gifts are tools for building up the church, but they are not the ultimate goal. The ultimate aim is love, which is eternal and complete.

in part
Reiterating the earlier phrase, "in part" again emphasizes the limitations of human understanding and spiritual gifts. The repetition serves to reinforce the message that while believers may experience and exercise spiritual gifts, they do so with an awareness of their limitations. This acknowledgment of partiality should lead to a greater dependence on God and a focus on love, which transcends all gifts and knowledge. In the historical context of Corinth, where spiritual gifts were sometimes a source of pride and division, this message would have been a call to unity and humility.

but when
The phrase "but when" introduces a contrast and a future expectation. In the Greek, "ὅταν δὲ" (hotan de) signifies a transition from the current state to a future event. This anticipates a change, suggesting that the current state is temporary and will be replaced by something more complete. The use of "when" indicates certainty about the future event, emphasizing the hope and assurance that believers have in God's promises.

the perfect
The term "the perfect" is translated from the Greek word "τὸ τέλειον" (to teleion), which means complete, mature, or fully developed. In a conservative Christian perspective, this is often understood as the culmination of God's plan, possibly referring to the return of Christ or the full realization of God's kingdom. The perfect is not merely an abstract idea but a concrete reality that believers anticipate. It represents the fulfillment of God's promises and the completion of His work in the world and in the lives of believers.

comes
The word "comes" is derived from the Greek "ἔλθῃ" (elthē), indicating arrival or appearance. This suggests an active and dynamic event, not a passive occurrence. The coming of the perfect is an event that will transform the current state of affairs. It implies divine intervention and the ushering in of a new era. This coming is awaited with hope and expectation, as it will bring about the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

the partial
"The partial" translates from "τὸ ἐκ μέρους" (to ek merous), meaning that which is incomplete or in part. This refers to the current state of human knowledge, prophecy, and understanding, which are limited and imperfect. In the context of 1 Corinthians 13, it highlights the limitations of spiritual gifts and human comprehension in this present age. The partial is a reminder of our current limitations and the need for humility and reliance on God.

passes away
The phrase "passes away" comes from the Greek "καταργηθήσεται" (katargēthēsetai), meaning to abolish, nullify, or render inactive. This indicates a decisive end to the current state of partiality. When the perfect comes, the partial will no longer be necessary or relevant. This speaks to the transformative power of God's future work, where the limitations of this world will be overcome by the fullness of His presence and truth. It is a promise of renewal and completion, where the temporary gives way to the eternal.

When I was a child
The phrase "When I was a child" introduces a metaphorical comparison between spiritual immaturity and maturity. In the Greek, the word for "child" is "νήπιος" (nēpios), which denotes an infant or a young child, emphasizing a stage of development characterized by limited understanding and dependency. Historically, children in ancient cultures were seen as incomplete adults, lacking the wisdom and experience necessary for full participation in society. Spiritually, this reflects the early stages of a believer's journey, where understanding and faith are still developing.

I talked like a child
The verb "talked" in Greek is "ἐλάλουν" (elaloun), which means to speak or to utter sounds. This suggests a form of communication that is simple and unrefined, much like the babbling of a young child. In a spiritual context, it represents the early expressions of faith and understanding, which may lack depth and maturity. The Apostle Paul uses this imagery to remind believers of the importance of growing in their spiritual communication and expression.

I thought like a child
The word "thought" is translated from the Greek "ἐφρόνουν" (ephronoun), which involves the process of thinking or considering. This reflects a child's limited cognitive abilities and understanding. In the spiritual realm, it signifies the initial, often simplistic, ways in which a believer might perceive and interpret spiritual truths. The historical context of Corinth, a city known for its intellectual pursuits, underscores the need for believers to move beyond superficial understanding to deeper spiritual insight.

I reasoned like a child
"Reasoned" comes from the Greek "ἐλογιζόμην" (elogizomēn), meaning to reckon or to calculate. This implies a form of reasoning that is immature and undeveloped. In the context of faith, it highlights the early stages of spiritual reasoning, where believers may struggle to fully grasp the complexities of God's wisdom and plan. The historical backdrop of Corinth, with its emphasis on rhetoric and philosophy, serves as a reminder of the need for spiritual discernment and maturity.

When I became a man
The transition "When I became a man" marks a significant shift from immaturity to maturity. The Greek word for "man" is "ἀνήρ" (anēr), indicating an adult male who has reached full development. This transformation symbolizes the believer's journey towards spiritual maturity, where understanding, faith, and conduct align more closely with the teachings of Christ. In the early church, this maturity was essential for leadership and effective ministry.

I set aside childish ways
The phrase "I set aside" is derived from the Greek "κατήργηκα" (katērgēka), meaning to abolish or to render inactive. This denotes a deliberate and conscious decision to leave behind immature behaviors and thoughts. "Childish ways" refers to the earlier mentioned speech, thought, and reasoning of a child. In a spiritual sense, this signifies the believer's commitment to grow in faith, wisdom, and understanding, embracing the fullness of life in Christ. The historical context of the Corinthian church, with its struggles with immaturity and division, underscores the importance of this transformation for the health and unity of the body of Christ.

For now we see in a mirror dimly
The Apostle Paul uses the metaphor of a mirror to describe our current understanding of spiritual truths. In ancient times, mirrors were made of polished metal and provided a less clear reflection than modern glass mirrors. The Greek word for "mirror" here is "esoptron," which emphasizes the imperfect and indirect nature of our current perception. This imagery suggests that our earthly understanding of divine matters is limited and incomplete, akin to seeing a blurred image. Historically, this reflects the human condition of partial knowledge and the anticipation of a fuller revelation.

but then face to face
Paul contrasts our present limited understanding with the promise of a future, direct encounter with God. The phrase "face to face" is a Hebraic expression denoting personal and intimate communication, as seen in God's interactions with Moses (Exodus 33:11). This future clarity and intimacy with God is a source of hope and encouragement for believers, pointing to the eschatological fulfillment when we will fully know and be known by God.

Now I know in part
The Greek word for "know" here is "ginosko," which implies an experiential and progressive knowledge. Paul acknowledges that our current understanding of God's mysteries is partial and incomplete. This humility in recognizing our limitations is a call for believers to trust in God's greater wisdom and to remain patient for the full revelation of His purposes.

then I shall know fully
The future promise of complete knowledge is expressed with the Greek word "epiginosko," which indicates a deeper, more comprehensive understanding. This anticipates the time when believers will have perfect knowledge in the presence of God. It is a reminder of the transformative power of God's revelation and the ultimate fulfillment of His promises.

even as I am fully known
Paul concludes with the assurance that just as God fully knows us now, we will one day fully know Him. The Greek word "epiginosko" is used again, emphasizing the depth and completeness of this future knowledge. This reflects the intimate relationship between God and His people, where nothing is hidden, and all is revealed. It is a profound encouragement for believers to live in the light of God's perfect knowledge and love, trusting in His eternal plan.

And now
This phrase signifies a transition, drawing attention to the present moment. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing the Corinthian church, which was struggling with issues of division and spiritual immaturity. The phrase "And now" serves as a pivot from discussing spiritual gifts to emphasizing enduring virtues. It suggests a sense of urgency and immediacy, calling believers to focus on what truly matters in their Christian walk.

these three remain
The word "remain" (Greek: μένει, "menei") implies permanence and continuity. In contrast to spiritual gifts, which are temporary and will cease, faith, hope, and love are enduring qualities that persist beyond this life. This highlights the eternal nature of these virtues, suggesting that they are foundational to the Christian life and will continue to be relevant in the age to come.

faith
In Greek, the word for faith is "πίστις" (pistis), which denotes trust, belief, and confidence in God. Faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of things not seen (Hebrews 11:1). It is the foundation of the Christian life, as it is by faith that believers are justified and enter into a relationship with God. Faith is not merely intellectual assent but involves a deep, personal trust in God's promises and character.

hope
The Greek word for hope is "ἐλπίς" (elpis), which conveys a confident expectation and anticipation of future good. In the Christian context, hope is not wishful thinking but a firm assurance based on God's promises. It is the anchor of the soul (Hebrews 6:19), providing stability and encouragement in the face of life's uncertainties. Hope looks forward to the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan and the ultimate realization of His kingdom.

and love
The word for love here is "ἀγάπη" (agape), which is a selfless, sacrificial love that seeks the best for others. Agape love is the highest form of love, exemplified by God's love for humanity and the love that believers are called to exhibit towards one another. It is patient, kind, and enduring, as described earlier in 1 Corinthians 13. Love is the defining characteristic of a true disciple of Christ (John 13:35).

but the greatest of these is love
This concluding phrase elevates love above faith and hope. While all three virtues are essential, love is the greatest because it is the very nature of God (1 John 4:8) and the fulfillment of the law (Romans 13:10). Love is the driving force behind faith and hope, as it motivates believers to trust in God and eagerly anticipate His promises. Love is eternal, as it will continue to exist in the presence of God, where faith and hope will find their fulfillment. In the Christian life, love is the ultimate goal and the most powerful testimony of God's work in the believer's heart.