1 Chronicles 11:39

Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,

Study Bible

Zelek the Ammonite
The mention of Zelek as an Ammonite is significant, as the Ammonites were often adversaries of Israel. The inclusion of Zelek among David's mighty warriors highlights the unifying power of David's leadership and the inclusivity of God's kingdom. The Hebrew root for Ammonite, "עַמּוֹנִי" (Ammoni), reflects a people descended from Lot, emphasizing the complex relationships between Israel and its neighbors. Zelek's presence in David's ranks suggests a breaking down of ethnic barriers and a foreshadowing of the New Testament's message of unity in Christ.

Naharai the Beerothite
Naharai is identified as a Beerothite, indicating his origin from Beeroth, one of the Gibeonite cities. The Gibeonites had a unique covenant relationship with Israel, as seen in Joshua 9. This connection underscores the theme of covenant faithfulness and the integration of diverse peoples into God's plan. The Hebrew root "בְּאֵרוֹתִי" (Beerothi) signifies a well or cistern, symbolizing sustenance and life, which can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual nourishment found in God's community.

the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah
The role of an armor-bearer was one of great trust and responsibility, as they were tasked with carrying and maintaining the weapons of a warrior. Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was a prominent military leader under King David, known for his strategic prowess and sometimes ruthless actions. The Hebrew term "נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים" (nose kelim) for armor-bearer implies a servant-leader relationship, reflecting the biblical principle of serving others in humility. This phrase highlights the importance of loyalty and support within the ranks of David's army, mirroring the spiritual armor and support believers are called to provide for one another in the body of Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zelek the Ammonite
Zelek is identified as an Ammonite, indicating he was from the nation of Ammon, which was often in conflict with Israel. His inclusion among David's mighty men highlights the diverse backgrounds of those who served David.

2. Naharai the Berothite
Naharai is noted as being from Beeroth, a town that was part of the Gibeonite cities. His role as an armor-bearer to Joab, a prominent military leader, signifies his importance and trustworthiness.

3. Joab son of Zeruiah
Joab was a key military commander under King David, known for his strategic prowess and sometimes ruthless actions. He was the son of Zeruiah, David's sister, making him David's nephew.

4. David's Mighty Men
This passage is part of a larger list detailing David's mighty men, a group of elite warriors who played crucial roles in establishing and securing David's kingdom.

5. The Ammonites and Gibeonites
The Ammonites were often adversaries of Israel, while the Gibeonites had a complex relationship with Israel, initially deceiving Joshua into making a peace treaty.

Teaching Points

Diversity in God's Kingdom
The inclusion of Zelek, an Ammonite, among David's mighty men illustrates the diversity within God's people. It reminds us that God can use individuals from all backgrounds for His purposes.

Faithfulness in Service
Naharai's role as an armor-bearer to Joab highlights the importance of faithfulness and trust in service. We are called to serve faithfully in whatever role God places us.

God's Sovereignty in Leadership
The assembly of David's mighty men, including those from different nations, demonstrates God's sovereignty in raising leaders and warriors to fulfill His plans.

Unity in Purpose
Despite their diverse backgrounds, David's mighty men were united in their purpose to support David's kingship. This unity is a model for the Church today.

Overcoming Prejudices
The presence of an Ammonite among Israel's warriors challenges us to overcome prejudices and embrace those whom God calls into His service.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the inclusion of Zelek the Ammonite among David's mighty men teach us about God's view of nationality and background?

2. How can Naharai's role as an armor-bearer inspire us to be faithful in the roles God has given us, even if they seem small or behind-the-scenes?

3. In what ways does the diversity of David's mighty men reflect the diversity we see in the body of Christ today?

4. How can we apply the principle of unity in purpose, as seen in David's mighty men, to our local church or community?

5. What steps can we take to overcome personal prejudices and embrace the diversity of God's kingdom in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Samuel 23:37
This parallel passage also lists Zelek and Naharai among David's mighty men, reinforcing their roles and contributions.

1 Samuel 22:2
Describes how David gathered a diverse group of followers, including those in distress or debt, which may have included foreigners like Zelek.

Joshua 9
Details the Gibeonite deception and subsequent treaty with Israel, providing background on the Gibeonite cities like Beeroth.