Luke 20:47

They defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation."

Study Bible

They devour widows’ houses
This phrase highlights the exploitation of the vulnerable, specifically widows, by those in positions of religious authority. The Greek word for "devour" (κατεσθίω, katesthió) implies a voracious consumption, suggesting not just taking advantage but doing so with greed and malice. In the historical context, widows were among the most vulnerable in society, often without a male protector or provider. The religious leaders, who were supposed to be protectors of the weak, instead exploited them, possibly through legal manipulation or taking advantage of their hospitality. This behavior is condemned throughout Scripture, as seen in Isaiah 10:2 and James 1:27, where caring for widows is a mark of true religion.

and for a show make lengthy prayers
The phrase "for a show" translates from the Greek word "πρόφασις" (prophasis), meaning a pretext or outward appearance. This indicates that the prayers were not genuine acts of devotion but were performed to impress others and gain social standing. The "lengthy prayers" were likely intended to display piety and religious superiority. Jesus criticizes this behavior, emphasizing that true prayer is a humble and sincere communication with God, as seen in Matthew 6:5-6, where He instructs His followers to pray in secret rather than for public acclaim.

These men will receive greater condemnation
The term "greater condemnation" underscores the severity of judgment awaiting those who exploit others under the guise of religious authority. The Greek word for "condemnation" (κρίμα, krima) refers to a judicial verdict or sentence. In this context, it implies a divine judgment that is more severe due to the leaders' hypocrisy and abuse of power. The Bible consistently teaches that those in positions of authority are held to a higher standard, as seen in James 3:1, which warns that teachers will be judged more strictly. This serves as a sobering reminder of the responsibility that comes with leadership and the importance of integrity and genuine faith.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, Jesus is addressing the behavior of the scribes and Pharisees, highlighting their hypocrisy and exploitation.

2. Scribes
Religious leaders and experts in the Law of Moses, known for their authoritative teaching and interpretation of the Scriptures. They are criticized by Jesus for their hypocrisy and exploitation of the vulnerable.

3. Widows
Representing the vulnerable and marginalized in society, widows were often subject to exploitation due to their lack of social and economic power.

4. Jerusalem
The setting of this discourse, where Jesus is teaching in the temple courts, confronting the religious leaders.

5. Condemnation
The judgment pronounced by Jesus on those who exploit others and practice hypocrisy, indicating a severe divine judgment.

Teaching Points

Hypocrisy in Religious Practice
Jesus condemns the scribes for their outward show of piety while engaging in unjust actions. True faith is demonstrated through integrity and justice, not just external rituals.

Care for the Vulnerable
The exploitation of widows highlights the importance of protecting and caring for the marginalized. Christians are called to defend the rights of the vulnerable and provide for their needs.

Divine Justice and Accountability
Jesus warns of greater condemnation for those who exploit others under the guise of religion. Believers are reminded of the seriousness of God's justice and the need for genuine repentance.

Authentic Prayer Life
The lengthy prayers of the scribes were for show. Christians are encouraged to cultivate a sincere and humble prayer life, focused on communion with God rather than public display.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' condemnation of the scribes' actions challenge our understanding of religious leadership and authority today?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our religious practices are genuine and not merely for show?

3. How can we actively support and protect the vulnerable in our communities, following the biblical mandate to care for widows and orphans?

4. What steps can we take to cultivate a sincere and authentic prayer life, avoiding the pitfalls of hypocrisy?

5. How does the concept of divine justice and accountability in this passage influence our daily actions and decisions as Christians?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 23
Jesus similarly condemns the scribes and Pharisees for their hypocrisy and exploitation, providing a broader context for His critique of religious leaders.

James 1:27
This verse emphasizes the importance of caring for widows and orphans, contrasting the behavior of the scribes with true religion that God accepts.

Isaiah 10:1-2
The prophet Isaiah condemns those who make unjust laws and deprive the poor of their rights, similar to the exploitation of widows mentioned in Luke 20:47.