Ezekiel 45:15
And one sheep shall be given from each flock of two hundred from the well-watered pastures of Israel. These are for the grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings, to make atonement for the people, declares the Lord GOD.
And one sheep
The Hebrew word for "sheep" here is "seh," which refers to a member of a flock, typically a lamb or young sheep. In the context of ancient Israel, sheep were a vital part of the agrarian economy, providing wool, meat, and milk. Spiritually, sheep often symbolize innocence and purity, and they are frequently used in sacrificial contexts throughout the Old Testament. The specification of "one sheep" underscores the principle of offering a portion of one's resources back to God, a practice that reflects gratitude and acknowledgment of God's provision.

from every flock of two hundred
This phrase indicates a specific ratio, suggesting a systematic and fair approach to offerings. The number "two hundred" may not have a specific symbolic meaning but rather serves to illustrate a manageable and equitable portion for the people to contribute. It reflects the idea that God’s requirements are reasonable and considerate of the people's capacity. This also emphasizes the communal responsibility in worship and sacrifice, where each member of the community contributes to the collective offering.

from the well-watered pastures of Israel
The "well-watered pastures" signify fertile and productive land, a blessing from God. In the arid climate of the Near East, water was a precious resource, and well-watered areas were seen as particularly valuable. This phrase highlights the abundance and prosperity that God provides to His people. It also serves as a reminder that the offerings to God should come from the best of what He has given, reflecting the principle of giving God the firstfruits of our labor.

These will be used for the grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings
The mention of "grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings" refers to different types of sacrifices prescribed in the Mosaic Law. Each type of offering had a distinct purpose: grain offerings were expressions of thanksgiving, burnt offerings symbolized atonement and dedication to God, and peace offerings represented fellowship and reconciliation. Together, they encompass a holistic approach to worship, involving gratitude, repentance, and communion with God. This comprehensive sacrificial system points to the multifaceted relationship between God and His people.

to make atonement for the people
Atonement, from the Hebrew "kaphar," means to cover or reconcile. In the Old Testament, atonement was achieved through the sacrificial system, which foreshadowed the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ. This phrase underscores the necessity of atonement for maintaining a right relationship with God. It reflects the seriousness of sin and the need for a divinely instituted means of reconciliation, pointing forward to the New Testament fulfillment in Christ's sacrificial death.

declares the Lord GOD
This phrase, often rendered as "declares the Sovereign LORD," emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God. The use of "declares" (Hebrew "ne'um") signifies a prophetic utterance, underscoring that these instructions are not merely human traditions but divine mandates. The title "Lord GOD" (YHWH Elohim) combines the covenant name of God with a term denoting His power and majesty, reminding the reader of God's faithfulness and His ultimate authority over all creation. This declaration assures the people that the instructions given are part of God's divine plan and purpose for His people.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ezekiel
A prophet during the Babylonian exile who conveyed God's messages to the Israelites, focusing on judgment and restoration.

2. Israel
The nation chosen by God, often symbolizing His people, who are called to live in covenant relationship with Him.

3. Well-watered pastures
Symbolic of God's provision and blessing, representing the abundance from which offerings are to be made.

4. Offerings (Grain, Burnt, Peace)
Sacrificial practices in the Old Testament that symbolize worship, atonement, and fellowship with God.

5. Atonement
The process of reconciling with God, often through sacrifice, to cover sin and restore relationship.
Teaching Points
Understanding Sacrifice
Recognize the significance of sacrificial offerings in the Old Testament as a means of atonement and worship.

God's Provision
Reflect on how God provides abundantly for His people, symbolized by the well-watered pastures.

Atonement and Reconciliation
Consider the importance of atonement in restoring our relationship with God, ultimately fulfilled in Christ.

Living Sacrifices
Apply the concept of offerings to our lives today by dedicating ourselves wholly to God as living sacrifices.

Community Responsibility
Acknowledge the communal aspect of offerings, where each member contributes to the spiritual well-being of the whole.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the concept of sacrifice in Ezekiel 45:15 relate to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ?

2. In what ways can we offer ourselves as living sacrifices in our daily lives, as encouraged in Romans 12:1?

3. How does the imagery of well-watered pastures in Ezekiel 45:15 reflect God's provision in your life?

4. What role does community play in the practice of faith, as seen in the communal offerings described in this passage?

5. How can understanding the Old Testament sacrificial system deepen our appreciation for the atonement provided through Christ?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 1-7
These chapters detail the various offerings and sacrifices, providing context for the types of offerings mentioned in Ezekiel 45:15.

Hebrews 10
Discusses the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ, connecting Old Testament sacrifices to the New Covenant.

Psalm 23
The imagery of well-watered pastures is reminiscent of God's provision and care as described in this Psalm.

Romans 12:1
Encourages believers to offer themselves as living sacrifices, drawing a parallel to the sacrificial system.

1 Peter 2:5
Believers are described as a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices, connecting to the idea of offerings in Ezekiel.
ReconciliationJ.R. Thomson Ezekiel 45:15
Religion a Practical ThingJ.D. Davies Ezekiel 45:13-15
People
Ephah, Ezekiel, Levites
Places
Holy Place, Most Holy Place
Topics
Affirmation, Atonement, Burned, Burnt, Burnt-offering, Cereal, Declares, Families, Fat, Fellowship, Flock, Grain, Hundred, Israel-for, Lamb, Meal, Meal-offering, Meat, Meat-offering, Oblation, Offering, Offerings, Pastures, Peace, Peace-offerings, Places, Present, Reconciliation, Says, Sheep, Sin, Sovereign, Watered, Watering, Well-watered
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezekiel 45:15

     7364   fellowship offering

Library
Of the Third Seal.
The third animated being is the index of the third seal, in a human form, his station being towards the south, and consequently shows that this seal begins with an emperor proceeding from that cardinal point of the compass; probably with Septimius Severus, the African, an emperor from the south, of whom Eutropius writes in the following manner: "Deriving his origin from Africa, from the province of Tripolis, from the town of Leptis, the only emperor from Africa within all remembrance, before or since."
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

The Section Chap. I. -iii.
The question which here above all engages our attention, and requires to be answered, is this: Whether that which is reported in these chapters did, or did not, actually and outwardly take place. The history of the inquiries connected with this question is found most fully in Marckius's "Diatribe de uxore fornicationum," Leyden, 1696, reprinted in the Commentary on the Minor Prophets by the same author. The various views may be divided into three classes. 1. It is maintained by very many interpreters,
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Ezekiel
To a modern taste, Ezekiel does not appeal anything like so powerfully as Isaiah or Jeremiah. He has neither the majesty of the one nor the tenderness and passion of the other. There is much in him that is fantastic, and much that is ritualistic. His imaginations border sometimes on the grotesque and sometimes on the mechanical. Yet he is a historical figure of the first importance; it was very largely from him that Judaism received the ecclesiastical impulse by which for centuries it was powerfully
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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