Ezekiel 27:19

and casks of wine from Izal for your wares. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were exchanged for your merchandise.

Study Bible

and casks of wine
The phrase "casks of wine" refers to containers used for storing and transporting wine, a valuable commodity in ancient trade. Wine was not only a staple beverage but also used in religious rituals and as a symbol of joy and celebration. The Hebrew word for wine, "yayin," is frequently mentioned in the Bible, indicating its importance in ancient Near Eastern culture. The use of "casks" suggests a well-developed trade system, as wine needed to be preserved and transported over long distances.

from Uzal
Uzal is identified as a region or city, traditionally associated with the ancient city of Sana'a in modern-day Yemen. This location was part of the incense trade route, indicating a connection between Ezekiel's audience and distant lands. The mention of Uzal highlights the extensive trade networks of the time, showcasing the interconnectedness of various cultures and economies. It also reflects the wealth and influence of Tyre, the city being addressed in this chapter, as it engaged in commerce with far-reaching regions.

they exchanged for your wares
The act of exchanging goods underscores the barter system prevalent in ancient economies. This phrase highlights the mutual benefit and cooperation between different peoples and nations. The Hebrew root "chalaph" conveys the idea of passing or changing, emphasizing the dynamic nature of trade. This exchange is a testament to the prosperity and strategic importance of Tyre as a major trading hub in the ancient world.

wrought iron
"Wrought iron" refers to iron that has been worked or shaped, indicating a level of technological advancement in metalworking. Iron was a crucial material for tools, weapons, and construction, symbolizing strength and durability. The Hebrew word "barzel" for iron is often associated with power and resilience in the Bible. The inclusion of wrought iron in the list of traded goods highlights the demand for durable materials and the skill of artisans in producing high-quality products.

cassia
Cassia is a spice derived from the bark of trees in the Cinnamomum family, similar to cinnamon. It was highly valued for its aromatic properties and used in perfumes, incense, and anointing oils. The Hebrew word "qiddah" indicates its significance in religious and cultural practices. Cassia's mention in trade emphasizes the desire for luxury items and the importance of fragrance in ancient societies, reflecting the opulence and sophistication of Tyre's trade.

and calamus
Calamus, or "qaneh" in Hebrew, is a fragrant reed used in perfumes and incense. It was a key ingredient in the sacred anointing oil described in Exodus 30:23. The inclusion of calamus in trade lists signifies its value and the role of aromatic substances in worship and daily life. The trade of calamus illustrates the blending of commerce and spirituality, as these goods were integral to both economic prosperity and religious observance.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Izal
A region or place mentioned in the context of trade with Tyre. It is known for its production of wine, which was a valuable commodity in ancient trade.

2. Tyre
An ancient Phoenician city known for its wealth and extensive trade networks. Tyre is the primary subject of Ezekiel 27, which describes its commercial relationships and eventual downfall.

3. Trade Goods
The passage mentions specific trade goods such as wrought iron, cassia, and calamus, highlighting the diverse and rich trade that Tyre engaged in.

Teaching Points

The Transience of Wealth
The passage reminds us that material wealth and trade, while beneficial, are ultimately temporary. Our trust should be in God, not in economic prosperity.

The Importance of Integrity in Trade
As Christians, we are called to conduct our business dealings with honesty and integrity, reflecting God's character in all our interactions.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The fall of Tyre serves as a reminder of God's control over the rise and fall of nations. We should pray for our leaders and seek God's guidance in national affairs.

The Value of Diverse Gifts
The variety of goods mentioned (wrought iron, cassia, calamus) illustrates the diversity of gifts and talents God has given humanity. We should use our unique abilities to serve others and glorify God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of Tyre's trade in Ezekiel 27:19 challenge our modern views on wealth and success?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our business practices align with biblical principles of integrity and fairness?

3. How does the fall of Tyre in Ezekiel 27 relate to the warnings given to other nations in the Bible, such as Babylon in Revelation 18?

4. What are some practical ways we can use our unique gifts and talents to serve others in our community?

5. How can we maintain a balance between engaging in commerce and keeping our focus on spiritual priorities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Revelation 18
This chapter describes the fall of Babylon and its extensive trade, drawing a parallel to the fall of Tyre as described in Ezekiel 27. Both passages emphasize the transient nature of wealth and human pride.

Isaiah 23
This chapter also prophesies the downfall of Tyre, reinforcing the message of judgment against nations that rely on their wealth and trade rather than on God.

Proverbs 31:24
This verse speaks of the virtuous woman who makes linen garments and sells them, highlighting the positive aspect of trade when conducted with integrity and wisdom.