Exodus 23:6

You shall not deny justice to the poor in their lawsuits.

Study Bible

You shall not deny
This phrase is a direct command, emphasizing the moral imperative and responsibility placed upon the people of Israel. The Hebrew root for "deny" is "natah," which can also mean to stretch out or pervert. This highlights the active nature of justice, suggesting that justice is not merely a passive state but requires active maintenance and protection. In a conservative Christian perspective, this command reflects God's immutable nature as just and righteous, calling His people to mirror His character in their dealings with others.

justice
The Hebrew word for "justice" here is "mishpat," which encompasses a broad range of meanings including judgment, rights, and rectitude. It is a foundational concept in the Old Testament, reflecting God's own nature and His expectations for human society. Justice is not merely a legal term but a divine principle that ensures fairness, equity, and righteousness. In the biblical context, justice is deeply connected to the covenant relationship between God and His people, where God acts as the ultimate judge and lawgiver.

to the poor
The term "poor" in Hebrew is "dal," which refers to those who are weak, lowly, or disadvantaged. The inclusion of the poor in this command underscores God's concern for the marginalized and vulnerable in society. Throughout Scripture, God consistently advocates for the protection and fair treatment of the poor, widows, orphans, and foreigners. This reflects the heart of God, who is described as a defender of the oppressed and a provider for those in need. In a conservative Christian view, this command challenges believers to reflect God's compassion and justice in their own lives.

in their lawsuits
The phrase "in their lawsuits" refers to legal disputes or cases brought before a court. The Hebrew word "riyb" can mean a legal case, dispute, or controversy. This highlights the context in which justice must be applied, particularly in legal settings where the rights of individuals are determined. The command serves as a reminder that the legal system should be a place of fairness and impartiality, where the truth is upheld, and justice is served. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the ideal of a society governed by God's laws, where justice is accessible to all, regardless of their social or economic status.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the Law from God on Mount Sinai, including the instructions found in Exodus 23.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the Law to guide their conduct and relationship with God and each other.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where God delivered the Law to Moses, including the commandments and ordinances found in Exodus.

4. The Poor
A group specifically mentioned in this verse, representing those who are vulnerable and often marginalized in society.

5. Judicial System in Ancient Israel
The context in which this command was given, emphasizing fairness and justice in legal matters.

Teaching Points

Justice as a Divine Mandate
God’s command to not deny justice to the poor reflects His character as a just God. Believers are called to mirror this attribute in their dealings with others.

Impartiality in Judgment
The verse underscores the importance of impartiality, especially in legal matters. Christians are encouraged to uphold fairness and integrity, resisting the temptation to favor the wealthy or powerful.

Advocacy for the Vulnerable
This command highlights the need for advocacy on behalf of those who are marginalized. Believers are called to be voices for the voiceless and to ensure that justice is accessible to all, regardless of their socio-economic status.

Reflection of Christ’s Teachings
Jesus’ ministry often focused on the marginalized, and His followers are called to continue this mission by ensuring justice and mercy are extended to all.

Practical Justice in Today’s World
Applying this principle today involves engaging in social justice initiatives, supporting fair legal practices, and being aware of the systemic issues that affect the poor.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command in Exodus 23:6 reflect God’s character, and how can we apply this understanding in our daily lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are not showing favoritism in our personal and professional relationships, as warned against in James 2:1-9?

3. How can we actively advocate for justice for the poor and marginalized in our communities, in line with the teachings of Proverbs 31:8-9?

4. What are some modern-day examples of denying justice to the poor, and how can Christians work to address these issues?

5. How does the call for justice in Exodus 23:6 connect with the broader biblical account of God’s concern for the oppressed, as seen in Isaiah 1:17 and other scriptures?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 16:19
This verse also emphasizes the importance of justice, warning against partiality and bribery, which can pervert justice.

Proverbs 31:8-9
These verses encourage speaking up for those who cannot speak for themselves and ensuring justice for the poor and needy.

James 2:1-9
This passage in the New Testament warns against showing favoritism, particularly in the context of wealth and social status, aligning with the principle of justice for the poor.

Isaiah 1:17
Calls for seeking justice, encouraging the defense of the oppressed, and taking up the cause of the fatherless and the widow.