1 Samuel 18:18

And David said to Saul, "Who am I, and what is my family or my father's clan in Israel, that I should become the son-in-law of the king?"

Study Bible

But David said to Saul
This phrase introduces David's response to King Saul. David, a young shepherd who has recently gained fame for defeating Goliath, is now speaking to the king of Israel. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote not just speaking, but a thoughtful or considered response. This indicates David's humility and respect in addressing Saul, despite his recent rise in status.

Who am I
David's question reflects his humility and self-awareness. The Hebrew word for "who" is "מִי" (mi), which is used here to express David's sense of unworthiness. Despite his accomplishments, David does not see himself as deserving of the honor Saul is offering. This humility is a key characteristic of David's early life and is consistent with the biblical theme that God exalts the humble.

and what is my family
David refers to his family, the house of Jesse, which is not of significant social standing in Israel. The Hebrew word for "family" is "מִשְׁפָּחָה" (mishpachah), indicating a broader kinship group. David's acknowledgment of his family's modest status underscores his humility and contrasts with Saul's royal lineage.

or my father’s clan in Israel
Here, David expands his reference to his "father’s clan," using the Hebrew word "שֵׁבֶט" (shevet), which can mean tribe or clan. This highlights the tribal structure of ancient Israel, where social and political status were often tied to one's tribal affiliation. David's clan, the tribe of Judah, was not yet prominent, further emphasizing his perceived insignificance.

that I should become the king’s son-in-law?
David questions the appropriateness of his becoming the king's son-in-law. The phrase "king’s son-in-law" in Hebrew is "חָתָן הַמֶּלֶךְ" (chatan hamelech). This role would elevate David to a position of great honor and responsibility. David's question reflects his awareness of the social and political implications of such a union, as well as his humility in questioning his worthiness for such an honor.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
A young shepherd who was anointed by Samuel to be the future king of Israel. At this point, he is serving in King Saul's court and has gained favor due to his victory over Goliath and his military successes.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly jealous and fearful of David's rising popularity and God's favor upon him.

3. David's Family
David refers to his humble origins, coming from the tribe of Judah and the family of Jesse, a modest lineage without royal connections.

4. Israel
The nation chosen by God, consisting of twelve tribes. David's question reflects his humility and awareness of his place within the larger community of Israel.

5. King’s Son-in-law
The position David is being offered, which would elevate his status significantly by marrying into the royal family.

Teaching Points

Humility in Elevation
David's response to Saul's offer demonstrates humility. Despite his accomplishments, he does not presume to be worthy of royal status. This teaches us to remain humble, recognizing that any elevation in life is by God's grace.

Understanding Our Identity
David's question reflects an understanding of his identity in God rather than in societal status. We should find our worth and identity in God's view of us, not in worldly achievements or connections.

God's Sovereignty in Promotion
David's life illustrates that God is the one who elevates and positions us according to His purpose. We should trust in God's timing and plan for our lives, rather than striving for positions through our own efforts.

Gratitude for God's Favor
Recognizing our humble beginnings and God's favor should lead us to gratitude. Like David, we should acknowledge God's hand in our lives and remain thankful for His blessings.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's response to Saul's offer reflect his character and relationship with God?

2. In what ways can we practice humility in our own lives, especially when offered positions of influence or authority?

3. How does understanding our identity in Christ help us navigate opportunities and challenges in life?

4. What are some practical ways to express gratitude for God's favor and blessings in our lives?

5. How can we trust in God's sovereignty and timing when it comes to promotions or advancements in our personal and professional lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 16
This chapter provides background on David's anointing by Samuel, highlighting God's choice of David despite his humble beginnings.

Philippians 2:5-8
This passage speaks of Christ's humility, which parallels David's humble response to Saul's offer.

Psalm 78:70-72
These verses reflect on David's journey from shepherd to king, emphasizing God's guidance and David's integrity.