Genesis 36:15
New International Version
These were the chiefs among Esau’s descendants: The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

New Living Translation
These are the descendants of Esau who became the leaders of various clans: The descendants of Esau’s oldest son, Eliphaz, became the leaders of the clans of Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

English Standard Version
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: the chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

Berean Standard Bible
These are the chiefs among the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

King James Bible
These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,

New King James Version
These were the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn son of Esau, were Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,

New American Standard Bible
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau, are chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

NASB 1995
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau, are chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

NASB 1977
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the first-born of Esau, are chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Legacy Standard Bible
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau, are chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Amplified Bible
These are the tribal chiefs of the sons of Esau: The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

Christian Standard Bible
These are the chiefs among Esau’s sons: the sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
These are the chiefs of Esau’s sons: the sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

American Standard Version
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Contemporary English Version
Esau and Adah's oldest son was Eliphaz, and the clans that descended from him were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

English Revised Version
These are the dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,

GOD'S WORD® Translation
These were the tribal leaders among Esau's descendants: The sons of Eliphaz, Esau's firstborn, were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

Good News Translation
These are the tribes descended from Esau. Esau's first son Eliphaz was the ancestor of the following tribes: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

International Standard Version
These were the tribal leaders of Esau's descendants; that is, the children of Eliphaz, who was Esau's firstborn: tribal leaders Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

Majority Standard Bible
These are the chiefs among the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

NET Bible
These were the chiefs among the descendants of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz, Esau's firstborn: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

New Heart English Bible
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Webster's Bible Translation
These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the first-born son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,

World English Bible
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
These [are] chiefs of the sons of Esau: sons of Eliphaz, firstborn of Esau: Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,

Young's Literal Translation
These are chiefs of the sons of Esau: sons of Eliphaz, first-born of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Smith's Literal Translation
These the chiefs the sons of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: duke Theman, duke Omar, duke Sepho, duke Cenez,

Catholic Public Domain Version
These were leaders of the sons of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: leader Teman, leader Omar, leader Zepho, leader Kenez,

New American Bible
These are the clans of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn: the clans of Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,

New Revised Standard Version
These are the clans of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: the clans Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And these are the Princes of the sons of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: Prince Tayman, Prince Umar, Prince Tsephu, Prince Qanaz.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: the chief of Teman, the chief of Omar, the chief of Zepho, the chief of Kenaz,

Brenton Septuagint Translation
These are the chiefs of the son of Esau, even the sons of Eliphas, the first-born of Esau; chief Thaeman, chief Omar, chief Sophar, chief Kenez,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Chiefs of Edom
15These are the chiefs among the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, 16Korah, Gatam, and Amalek. They are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom, and they are the grandsons of Adah.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 1:35-37
The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. / The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz; and by Timna, Amalek. / The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.

1 Chronicles 1:51-54
Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, / Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, / Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, ...

Deuteronomy 2:12
The Horites used to live in Seir, but the descendants of Esau drove them out. They destroyed the Horites from before them and settled in their place, just as Israel did in the land that the LORD gave them as their possession.)

Deuteronomy 2:22
just as He had done for the descendants of Esau who lived in Seir, when He destroyed the Horites from before them. They drove them out and have lived in their place to this day.

Obadiah 1:6-9
But how Esau will be pillaged, his hidden treasures sought out! / All the men allied with you will drive you to the border; the men at peace with you will deceive and overpower you. Those who eat your bread will set a trap for you without your awareness of it. / In that day, declares the LORD, will I not destroy the wise men of Edom and the men of understanding in the mountains of Esau? ...

Jeremiah 49:7-10
Concerning Edom, this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom decayed? / Turn and run! Lie low, O dwellers of Dedan, for I will bring disaster on Esau at the time I punish him. / If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave some gleanings? Were thieves to come in the night, would they not steal only what they wanted? ...

Ezekiel 25:12-14
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Edom acted vengefully against the house of Judah, and in so doing incurred grievous guilt, / therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword. / I will take My vengeance on Edom by the hand of My people Israel, and they will deal with Edom according to My anger and wrath. Then they will know My vengeance, declares the Lord GOD.’

Amos 1:11-12
This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Edom, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because he pursued his brother with the sword and stifled all compassion; his anger raged continually, and his fury flamed incessantly. / So I will send fire upon Teman to consume the citadels of Bozrah.”

Malachi 1:2-4
“I have loved you,” says the LORD. But you ask, “How have You loved us?” “Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?” declares the LORD. “Yet Jacob I have loved, / but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.” / Though Edom may say, “We have been devastated, but we will rebuild the ruins,” this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called the Land of Wickedness, and a people with whom the LORD is indignant forever.

Numbers 20:14-21
From Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to tell the king of Edom, “This is what your brother Israel says: You know all the hardship that has befallen us, / how our fathers went down to Egypt, where we lived many years. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers, / and when we cried out to the LORD, He heard our voice, sent an angel, and brought us out of Egypt. Now look, we are in Kadesh, a city on the edge of your territory. ...

Numbers 24:18-19
Edom will become a possession, as will Seir, his enemy; but Israel will perform with valor. / A ruler will come from Jacob and destroy the survivors of the city.”

Joshua 24:4
and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. I gave Esau Mount Seir to possess, but Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt.

2 Samuel 8:14
He placed garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites were subject to David. So the LORD made David victorious wherever he went.

Isaiah 34:5-6
When My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens, then it will come down upon Edom, upon the people I have devoted to destruction. / The sword of the LORD is bathed in blood. It drips with fat—with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams. For the LORD has a sacrifice in Bozrah, a great slaughter in the land of Edom.

Isaiah 63:1-6
Who is this coming from Edom, from Bozrah with crimson-stained garments? Who is this robed in splendor, marching in the greatness of His strength? “It is I, proclaiming vindication, mighty to save.” / Why are Your clothes red, and Your garments like one who treads the winepress? / “I have trodden the winepress alone, and no one from the nations was with Me. I trampled them in My anger and trod them down in My fury; their blood spattered My garments, and all My clothes were stained. ...


Treasury of Scripture

These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,

First aristocracy of dukes, from A.

dukes.

Genesis 36:18
And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife.

1 Chronicles 1:35
The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.

Eliphaz.

Job 21:8
Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.

Psalm 37:35
I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

duke Teman.

Genesis 36:4,11,12
And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; …

1 Chronicles 1:36,45,51-54
The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek…

Job 2:11
Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place; Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite: for they had made an appointment together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him.

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Chief Chiefs Descendants Duke Dukes Eliphaz El'iphaz Esau Esau's First Firstborn First-Born Kenaz Omar Teman Zepho
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Chief Chiefs Descendants Duke Dukes Eliphaz El'iphaz Esau Esau's First Firstborn First-Born Kenaz Omar Teman Zepho
Genesis 36
1. Esau's three wives.
6. His removal to mount Seir.
9. His sons.
15. The dukes which descended of his sons.
20. The sons and dukes of Seir the Horite.
24. Anah finds mules.
31. The kings of Edom.
40. The dukes that descended of Esau.














These are the chiefs
The term "chiefs" in this context is derived from the Hebrew word "אלוף" (aluf), which signifies a leader or a chieftain. This word is often used to denote a person of authority and influence within a tribal or familial structure. In the ancient Near Eastern context, chiefs were pivotal figures who held both political and military power. They were responsible for the welfare and protection of their people. The use of "chiefs" here underscores the organized and hierarchical nature of Esau's descendants, reflecting a structured society that was common among the tribes of that era. This structure is indicative of God's providence in allowing Esau's lineage to flourish and establish itself as a significant entity, despite Esau's earlier choices that led him away from the covenantal blessings given to Jacob.

of the sons of Esau
The phrase "sons of Esau" refers to the descendants of Esau, who was also known as Edom. Esau was the elder twin brother of Jacob, and his lineage is significant in the biblical narrative as it represents the Edomites, a people who often had a contentious relationship with the Israelites. The mention of Esau's sons highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations (Genesis 17:4). Despite Esau's departure from the covenantal line, God still honored His promise by making Esau the progenitor of a great nation. This serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the complexity of His plans, which often transcend human understanding. The Edomites, though often at odds with Israel, were still part of the broader tapestry of God's redemptive history, illustrating that God's purposes encompass all nations and peoples.

(15) Dukes.--Duke is the Latin word dux, a leader; but the Hebrew word alluph signifies a tribal prince, It is derived from eleph, a thousand, used in much the same way as the word hundred with us for a division of the country. Probably it was one large enough to have in it a thousand grown men, whereas a hundred in Saxon times was a district in which there were a hundred homesteads. For this use of it, see Micah 5:2. Each alluph, therefore, would be the prince of one of these districts, assigned to him as the possession of himself and his seed.

Verses 15, 16. - These were dukes of the sons of Esau. The אַלּוּפים, derived probably from אָלַפ, to be familiar, whence to join together, or associate, were Edomite and Horite phylarchs or tribe-leaders, ἡγεμόνες, (LXX.), chieftains of a thousand men (Gerlach). At a later period the term came to be applied to the Jewish chiefs or governors of the Restoration (Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5). The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kemaz (vide on ver. 11), duke Korah, - inserted here probably by clerical error from ver. 18 (Kennicott, Tuch, Knobel, Delitzsch, Keil, Murphy, Quarry), and accordingly omitted in the Samaritan Pentateuch and Version, though still retained by Onkelos and the LXX., and on the hypothesis of its genuineness explained by some as the name of a nephew of Eliphaz (Junius); of a son by another mother (Ainsworth); of a son of Korah (ver. 18) by the widow of Timua (1 Chronicles 1:36), who, having died without issue, left his wife to his brother (Michaelis); of some descendant of Eliphaz by intermarriage who subsequently rose to be the head of a clan (Kalisch), - duke Gatam (vide ver. 11), and duke Amalek (vide ver. 12): these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
These
אֵ֖לֶּה (’êl·leh)
Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

are the chiefs
אַלּוּפֵ֣י (’al·lū·p̄ê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 441: Familiar, a friend, gentle, a bullock, a chieftain

among the sons
בְנֵֽי־ (ḇə·nê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Esau:
עֵשָׂ֑ו (‘ê·śāw)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6215: Esau -- oldest son of Isaac

the sons
בְּנֵ֤י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Eliphaz,
אֱלִיפַז֙ (’ĕ·lî·p̄az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 464: Eliphaz -- 'God is fine gold', a son of Esau, also a friend of Job

the firstborn
בְּכ֣וֹר (bə·ḵō·wr)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1060: Firstborn, chief

of Esau [are]
עֵשָׂ֔ו (‘ê·śāw)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6215: Esau -- oldest son of Isaac

Chiefs
אַלּ֤וּף (’al·lūp̄)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 441: Familiar, a friend, gentle, a bullock, a chieftain

Teman,
תֵּימָן֙ (tê·mān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8487: Teman -- a northern district of Edom, also an Edomite chief

Omar,
אוֹמָ֔ר (’ō·w·mār)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 201: Omar -- a grandson of Esau

Zepho,
צְפ֖וֹ (ṣə·p̄ōw)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6825: Zepho -- perhaps 'gazing', an Edomite

Kenaz,
קְנַֽז׃ (qə·naz)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7073: Kenaz -- an Edomite, also two Israelites


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OT Law: Genesis 36:15 These are the chiefs of the sons (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 36:14
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