Definition and Etymology
Humility, in the biblical context, is the quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance. It is derived from the Latin word "humilitas," which means "lowness" or "insignificance." In the Hebrew Bible, the concept is often expressed through words like "anavah" (ענוה), meaning meekness or gentleness, and in the New Testament Greek, "tapeinophrosyne" (ταπεινοφροσύνη), meaning lowliness of mind.

Old Testament Foundations
Humility is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament. It is often associated with the fear of the Lord and is seen as a prerequisite for receiving God's favor. Proverbs 22:4 states, "The rewards of humility and the fear of the LORD are wealth and honor and life." This verse highlights the intrinsic value of humility as a virtue that leads to divine blessings.

The life of Moses serves as a profound example of humility. Numbers 12:3 describes him as "a very humble man, more so than any man on the face of the earth." Despite his leadership role, Moses consistently demonstrated reliance on God rather than his own strength.

New Testament Teachings
In the New Testament, humility is elevated as a central Christian virtue. Jesus Christ embodies the ultimate example of humility. Philippians 2:5-8 exhorts believers to adopt the mindset of Christ, "who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness." This passage underscores the self-emptying nature of Christ's humility, which is foundational to Christian discipleship.

The Beatitudes, found in Matthew 5, further emphasize humility. Matthew 5:3 states, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." Here, "poor in spirit" refers to those who recognize their spiritual need and dependence on God, a hallmark of true humility.

Humility in Christian Living
Humility is not merely an abstract concept but a practical aspect of Christian living. James 4:10 instructs believers, "Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will exalt you." This verse suggests that humility is a pathway to divine exaltation, contrasting worldly views of self-promotion.

The Apostle Paul frequently addresses humility in his epistles. In Ephesians 4:2 , he urges believers to "walk in a manner worthy of the calling you have received, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love." This call to humility is integral to maintaining unity and peace within the Christian community.

Humility and Leadership
Biblical leadership is characterized by humility. Jesus taught His disciples that true greatness is found in servanthood. In Mark 10:43-45 , He declares, "Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be the slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many."

The Apostle Peter also emphasizes humility in leadership. In 1 Peter 5:5-6 , he advises, "Clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, so that in due time He may exalt you."

Theological Implications
Humility is deeply connected to the doctrine of grace. It acknowledges human limitations and the need for God's intervention. The humble heart is open to receiving God's grace, as articulated in James 4:6 , "But He gives us more grace. This is why it says: 'God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.'"

In summary, humility is a foundational virtue in the biblical narrative, essential for a right relationship with God and others. It is exemplified in the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and is a vital component of Christian character and leadership.