The concept of self-defense is a topic that has been discussed and debated throughout Christian history. Within the biblical narrative, there are several passages that provide insight into the right to protect oneself and others from harm. This entry explores the biblical basis for self-defense, drawing from the Berean Standard Bible and examining relevant scriptural passages.

Old Testament Foundations

The Old Testament provides several instances where self-defense is implicitly or explicitly addressed. One of the foundational texts is found in Exodus 22:2-3, which states: "If a thief is caught breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguilt for him. But if it happens after sunrise, there is bloodguilt for him." This passage suggests a distinction between self-defense during a home invasion at night, where the defender is not held guilty, and during the day, where the situation might be assessed differently.

Another relevant passage is found in Nehemiah 4:14, where Nehemiah encourages the people to defend themselves against their enemies: "After I had made an inspection, I stood up and said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people: 'Do not be afraid of them. Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome, and fight for your brothers, your sons and daughters, your wives and your homes.'" This call to arms underscores the legitimacy of defending one's family and community.

New Testament Perspectives

In the New Testament, the teachings of Jesus and the apostles provide further context for understanding self-defense. In Luke 22:36, Jesus instructs His disciples: "But now, whoever has a money bag should take it, and likewise a traveler’s bag; and whoever does not have a sword should sell his cloak and buy one." This directive, given in anticipation of the challenges the disciples would face, suggests a pragmatic approach to self-defense.

However, the New Testament also emphasizes the principles of peace and non-retaliation. In Matthew 5:39, Jesus teaches: "But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also." This passage highlights the call to respond to personal offenses with grace and forgiveness, rather than retaliation.

Balancing Defense and Peace

The biblical narrative presents a nuanced view of self-defense, balancing the right to protect oneself and others with the call to live peaceably. Romans 12:18 advises: "If it is possible on your part, live at peace with everyone." This verse suggests that while self-defense is permissible, it should not be the first resort, and efforts should be made to pursue peace whenever possible.

The tension between self-defense and non-violence is further illustrated in the life of the Apostle Paul. In Acts 23:12-24, Paul is informed of a plot against his life and takes measures to protect himself by alerting the Roman authorities. This action demonstrates a practical approach to self-preservation within the framework of faith.

Conclusion

The biblical perspective on self-defense is complex, incorporating both the right to protect oneself and the call to pursue peace. While the scriptures provide instances where self-defense is justified, they also emphasize the importance of seeking peaceful resolutions and trusting in God's protection.