The account of the kings defeated east of the Jordan River is a significant narrative in the Old Testament, primarily found in the Book of Numbers and the Book of Deuteronomy. This account details the victories of the Israelites under the leadership of Moses as they journeyed toward the Promised Land. These victories were crucial in establishing the Israelites' presence and dominance in the region before crossing the Jordan River into Canaan.

Biblical Context

The narrative begins as the Israelites, after their exodus from Egypt and years of wandering in the wilderness, approach the land east of the Jordan River. This area, known as Transjordan, was inhabited by various kingdoms and peoples. The Israelites, under divine command, sought passage through these lands, but their requests were often met with hostility, leading to military confrontations.

Key Battles and Defeated Kings

1. King Sihon of the Amorites: The first major confrontation occurred with Sihon, king of the Amorites. The Israelites requested passage through his territory, but Sihon refused and mobilized his army against them. The Lord assured Moses of victory, and the Israelites defeated Sihon and took possession of his land. This victory is recorded in Numbers 21:21-24 and Deuteronomy 2:24-37. The Berean Standard Bible states: "But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and marched out to the wilderness to confront Israel. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel. But Israel put him to the sword and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, but only up to the border of the Ammonites, because it was fortified."

2. King Og of Bashan: Following the defeat of Sihon, the Israelites faced Og, king of Bashan. Og was known for his formidable stature and strong cities. Nevertheless, the Lord promised Moses victory over Og as well. The Israelites defeated Og and his forces at Edrei, capturing his land. This victory is detailed in Numbers 21:33-35 and Deuteronomy 3:1-11. The BSB recounts: "So they turned and went up along the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army marched out to meet them in battle at Edrei. But the LORD said to Moses, 'Do not fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, along with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon.'"

Significance of the Victories

The defeat of these kings was not merely a series of military conquests but held theological significance for the Israelites. These victories demonstrated the Lord's faithfulness and power, fulfilling His promises to give the Israelites the land He had sworn to their ancestors. The victories also served to instill fear among the remaining Canaanite nations, paving the way for the subsequent conquest of Canaan under Joshua.

Allocation of the Conquered Lands

The lands conquered from Sihon and Og were allocated to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. This allocation is described in Numbers 32 and Deuteronomy 3:12-17. These tribes chose to settle east of the Jordan, provided they assisted the other tribes in the conquest of Canaan.

Theological Reflections

From a theological perspective, the victories over the kings east of the Jordan underscore the themes of divine sovereignty, covenant faithfulness, and the importance of obedience to God's commands. The Israelites' success was attributed to their reliance on God's guidance and their adherence to His instructions. These narratives serve as a testament to God's unwavering commitment to His people and His ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles on their behalf.