The narrative of the kings defeated by Moses is primarily found in the Pentateuch, specifically in the books of Numbers and Deuteronomy. These accounts detail the victories of the Israelites over various kings and their territories as they journeyed towards the Promised Land under the leadership of Moses. These victories are significant as they demonstrate God's faithfulness and power in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Sihon, King of the Amorites

The first major victory recorded is over Sihon, the king of the Amorites. As the Israelites approached the land of Canaan, they requested passage through the territory of the Amorites. Sihon not only refused but also mobilized his army against Israel. The account in Numbers 21:21-24 states, "Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 'Let us pass through your land; we will not turn aside into any field or vineyard. We will not drink water from any well. We will travel the King's Highway until we have passed through your territory.' But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to the wilderness to confront Israel. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel. But Israel put him to the sword and took possession of his land, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, but only up to the border of the Ammonites, because it was fortified."

This victory was significant as it allowed the Israelites to occupy the land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, a strategic area east of the Jordan River. The defeat of Sihon is also recounted in Deuteronomy 2:24-37, where Moses reminds the Israelites of God's command and promise to deliver Sihon into their hands.

Og, King of Bashan

Following the defeat of Sihon, the Israelites faced Og, the king of Bashan. Og was a formidable opponent, noted for his size and strength, and his kingdom was renowned for its fortified cities. In Numbers 21:33-35 , the account states, "Then they turned and went up along the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan came out against them with his whole army to the battle at Edrei. But the LORD said to Moses, 'Do not fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, along with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon.' So they struck down Og, his sons, and his whole army until no remnant was left, and they took possession of his land."

The defeat of Og further demonstrated God's provision and protection over Israel. The land of Bashan, known for its fertile pastures and strong cities, became part of the inheritance for the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, as detailed in Deuteronomy 3:1-11.

Significance in Israel's History

The victories over Sihon and Og were pivotal in Israel's journey to the Promised Land. These conquests not only provided the Israelites with land east of the Jordan River but also served as a testament to God's power and faithfulness. The defeat of these kings is frequently referenced in later biblical texts as a reminder of God's deliverance and the fulfillment of His promises. For instance, Psalm 135:10-12 praises God for striking down great nations and mighty kings, including Sihon and Og, and giving their land as an inheritance to Israel.

These victories also set the stage for the subsequent conquest of Canaan under Joshua's leadership, as the Israelites were emboldened by the demonstration of God's might and the tangible fulfillment of His covenant promises.