The drink offering, also known as the "libation," is a significant element of the sacrificial system in the Old Testament, symbolizing the dedication and consecration of one's life to God. It is often mentioned alongside other offerings, such as burnt offerings and grain offerings, and serves as a complementary act of worship.

Biblical References and Instructions

The drink offering is first introduced in Genesis 35:14, where Jacob sets up a pillar in the place where God had spoken to him and pours out a drink offering on it. This act signifies Jacob's devotion and gratitude to God.

The formal instructions for the drink offering are detailed in the Mosaic Law. In Exodus 29:40-41, the drink offering is prescribed as part of the daily offerings: "With the first lamb, offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives, and a drink offering of a quarter hin of wine. Offer the second lamb at twilight with the same grain offering and drink offering as in the morning. It is a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD."

In Numbers 15:5-10, the drink offering is further elaborated upon, specifying the quantities of wine to be used in proportion to the animal being sacrificed. For example, a quarter hin of wine is to accompany a lamb, a third of a hin for a ram, and half a hin for a bull. This gradation underscores the importance of the offering in relation to the size and significance of the sacrifice.

Symbolism and Significance

The drink offering symbolizes the outpouring of one's life in service and devotion to God. It represents the total surrender and dedication of the worshiper, as the wine is completely poured out and consumed by fire. This act of pouring out is a vivid illustration of self-sacrifice and commitment to God's will.

In the New Testament, the Apostle Paul uses the imagery of the drink offering to describe his own life and ministry. In Philippians 2:17, he writes, "But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you." Here, Paul likens his efforts and sufferings to a drink offering, emphasizing his willingness to give everything for the sake of the Gospel.

Christological Fulfillment

The drink offering finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Just as the wine was poured out in the Old Testament offerings, Christ's blood was poured out for the remission of sins. During the Last Supper, Jesus speaks of the cup as "the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you" (Luke 22:20). This connection highlights the sacrificial nature of Christ's atonement and the establishment of a new covenant through His blood.

Conclusion

The drink offering, while a lesser-known aspect of the sacrificial system, holds profound theological significance. It serves as a powerful symbol of dedication, sacrifice, and the ultimate fulfillment found in Jesus Christ. Through the drink offering, believers are reminded of the call to pour out their lives in service to God, following the example of Christ's selfless love and sacrifice.