The consecration of Aaron and his sons marks a significant event in the establishment of the Levitical priesthood, as detailed in the Book of Exodus. This command is a divine directive given by God to Moses, setting apart Aaron and his descendants for the sacred duties of the priesthood. The process of consecration is meticulously outlined in Exodus 28 and 29, and further elaborated in Leviticus 8 and 9.

Divine Appointment and Garments

The command begins with God's instruction to Moses to bring Aaron and his sons—Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar—near for their consecration (Exodus 28:1). This divine appointment underscores the hereditary nature of the priesthood within the tribe of Levi, specifically through Aaron's lineage. The consecration process involves the preparation of holy garments, which are to be made by skilled craftsmen filled with the spirit of wisdom (Exodus 28:3). These garments include the breastpiece, ephod, robe, tunic, turban, and sash, each with specific symbolic and functional purposes (Exodus 28:4-5).

The Anointing and Sacrificial Rituals

The consecration ceremony is a multi-step process involving anointing, sacrifices, and the application of blood. God commands Moses to take a young bull and two rams without blemish, along with unleavened bread, cakes, and wafers (Exodus 29:1-2). Aaron and his sons are to be washed with water at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, symbolizing purification (Exodus 29:4).

The anointing oil, a sacred mixture described in Exodus 30:22-25, is used to anoint Aaron, signifying the Holy Spirit's empowerment for his priestly duties (Exodus 29:7). The sacrificial rituals include the sin offering, burnt offering, and ordination offering, each with specific instructions for the handling of blood and the burning of portions on the altar (Exodus 29:10-25).

The Role of Blood in Consecration

Blood plays a crucial role in the consecration process, symbolizing atonement and sanctification. Moses is instructed to apply the blood of the ram of ordination to the right ear, thumb, and big toe of Aaron and his sons, signifying the consecration of their hearing, work, and walk to the service of God (Exodus 29:20). The remaining blood is sprinkled on the altar and the garments, further sanctifying them for holy service (Exodus 29:21).

The Duration and Significance of the Ceremony

The consecration ceremony lasts seven days, during which Aaron and his sons remain at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, eating the flesh of the ram and the bread of consecration (Exodus 29:31-35). This period of consecration emphasizes the completeness and perfection required for those who serve in the presence of God.

Theological Implications

The command to consecrate Aaron and his sons establishes the priesthood as a divinely ordained institution, integral to Israel's covenant relationship with God. The detailed instructions reflect the holiness and purity required of those who mediate between God and His people. The consecration of Aaron and his sons prefigures the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who fulfills and transcends the Levitical priesthood through His perfect sacrifice and eternal intercession (Hebrews 7:23-28).

The consecration of Aaron and his sons is a foundational event in the history of Israel, setting a precedent for the priestly ministry and its role in the spiritual life of the nation. Through this command, God establishes a means by which His people can approach Him, underscoring His desire for holiness and order in worship.