In the biblical narrative, chaos is often depicted as a state of disorder and confusion, contrasting with the order and harmony established by God. This symbolism is woven throughout Scripture, illustrating the power and sovereignty of God over all creation, as well as the consequences of sin and rebellion.

Creation and Order

The Bible begins with a depiction of chaos in Genesis 1:2, where "the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep." This primordial chaos is subdued by the Spirit of God, who brings order through the act of creation. The subsequent verses describe how God systematically organizes the cosmos, separating light from darkness, waters from dry land, and establishing the rhythms of time. This transformation from chaos to order underscores God's authority and creative power.

The Flood

The narrative of Noah's Flood in Genesis 6-9 serves as another example of chaos. Humanity's wickedness leads to a divine judgment, where the ordered world is temporarily returned to a chaotic state through the deluge. Genesis 7:11 describes the "fountains of the great deep" bursting forth, symbolizing a reversal of creation. Yet, through Noah, God preserves a remnant, re-establishing order and covenant with creation, as seen in Genesis 9:11-17.

The Sea as Chaos

In biblical literature, the sea often symbolizes chaos and danger. The Israelites, primarily a land-based people, viewed the sea as a place of uncertainty and threat. This is evident in passages like Psalm 89:9, where God is praised for ruling "the raging sea" and stilling its waves. Similarly, in the New Testament, Jesus' calming of the storm in Mark 4:39 demonstrates His divine authority over chaotic forces, reinforcing His identity as the Son of God.

Leviathan and Behemoth

The creatures Leviathan and Behemoth, mentioned in Job 40-41, are often associated with chaos. These formidable beings symbolize the untamed and chaotic aspects of creation. Yet, God’s rhetorical questions to Job highlight His control over these creatures, emphasizing His sovereignty over all that is chaotic and fearsome.

Sin and Rebellion

Chaos is also a metaphor for the spiritual disorder caused by sin and rebellion against God. The fall of man in Genesis 3 introduces moral and spiritual chaos into the world, disrupting the harmony of creation. Isaiah 24:10-11 describes a "city of chaos" as a result of divine judgment, illustrating the societal breakdown that follows sin.

Eschatological Chaos

In apocalyptic literature, chaos is depicted in the upheavals preceding the establishment of God's eternal kingdom. Revelation 13 describes the beast rising from the sea, a symbol of chaotic evil opposing God’s order. However, Revelation 21:1 promises a new creation where "the sea is no more," signifying the ultimate eradication of chaos and the establishment of divine order.

Throughout Scripture, chaos serves as a powerful symbol of the disorder that opposes God's perfect order. Yet, it also highlights God's supreme authority and the hope of restoration through His redemptive plan.