In the biblical narrative, the practice of setting up stones and constructing altars holds significant theological and historical importance. These acts are often associated with worship, covenant-making, and memorializing divine encounters. Throughout the Old Testament, stones and altars serve as tangible reminders of God's presence, promises, and the faithfulness of His people.

Stones as Memorials

The use of stones as memorials is a recurring theme in Scripture. One notable instance is found in the book of Joshua. After the Israelites crossed the Jordan River into the Promised Land, Joshua set up twelve stones taken from the riverbed as a memorial. This act was intended to remind future generations of God's miraculous intervention. Joshua 4:6-7 states, "In the future, when your children ask, ‘What do these stones mean to you?’ you are to tell them, ‘The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD. When it crossed the Jordan, the waters were cut off.’ Therefore these stones will be a memorial to the Israelites forever."

Altars as Places of Worship and Covenant

Altars in the Bible are primarily associated with worship and sacrifice. They serve as places where individuals and communities can offer sacrifices to God, seek His favor, and commemorate significant events. The patriarchs, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, frequently built altars to worship God and mark divine encounters. For instance, after God appeared to him, Abraham built an altar at Shechem (Genesis 12:7) and later at Bethel (Genesis 12:8).

The construction of altars is also linked to covenant-making. In Exodus 24:4 , Moses built an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and set up twelve pillars representing the twelve tribes of Israel. This act was part of the covenant ceremony between God and Israel, signifying their commitment to the covenantal relationship.

Stones and Altars in the Law

The Mosaic Law provides specific instructions regarding altars. In Exodus 20:24-25 , God commands, "You are to make for Me an altar of earth and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and peace offerings, your sheep and goats and cattle. In every place where I cause My name to be remembered, I will come to you and bless you. If you make an altar of stones for Me, you must not build it with cut stones, for if you use a chisel on it, you will defile it." This directive emphasizes the sanctity and simplicity of worship, avoiding human embellishment in favor of divine ordination.

Symbolism and Theological Significance

Theologically, stones and altars symbolize God's faithfulness and the human response of worship and obedience. They serve as physical representations of spiritual truths, reminding believers of God's past actions and His ongoing presence. The setting up of stones and altars underscores the importance of remembering God's deeds and maintaining a covenant relationship with Him.

New Testament Reflection

While the New Testament does not emphasize physical altars in the same way, the concept of spiritual altars persists. Believers are called to offer themselves as "living sacrifices" (Romans 12:1), indicating a shift from physical altars to a life of worship and dedication to God. The ultimate altar is seen in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose death and resurrection fulfill the sacrificial system and establish a new covenant.

In summary, the setting up of stones and altars in the Bible serves as a profound expression of worship, remembrance, and covenant. These practices highlight the enduring relationship between God and His people, inviting believers to reflect on His faithfulness and respond with devotion.