Context and Background

The account of Ruth gleaning abundantly is found in the Book of Ruth, specifically in Ruth 2. This narrative takes place during the time of the judges, a period characterized by social and religious upheaval in Israel. The account of Ruth, a Moabite woman, unfolds against this backdrop, highlighting themes of loyalty, providence, and divine favor.

Ruth, a widow, accompanies her mother-in-law Naomi back to Bethlehem after the death of their husbands. Naomi, originally from Bethlehem, had moved to Moab during a famine. Upon returning, they find themselves in a precarious situation, lacking male protection and provision. Ruth's decision to stay with Naomi is a testament to her loyalty and faithfulness, as she famously declares, "Where you go, I will go, and where you stay, I will stay. Your people will be my people, and your God will be my God" (Ruth 1:16).

Gleaning in the Fields

In Ruth 2, Ruth takes the initiative to provide for herself and Naomi by gleaning in the fields. Gleaning was a practice commanded by God in the Mosaic Law, allowing the poor and foreigners to gather leftover crops from the fields after the harvesters had passed through. This law is found in Leviticus 19:9-10 and Deuteronomy 24:19, reflecting God's concern for the marginalized.

Ruth's choice to glean in the fields of Boaz, a relative of Naomi's late husband Elimelech, is significant. Boaz is described as a "man of standing" (Ruth 2:1), indicating his wealth and influence. Ruth's presence in Boaz's field is not coincidental but rather a demonstration of divine providence at work.

Boaz's Favor and Protection

Upon noticing Ruth, Boaz inquires about her identity and learns of her loyalty to Naomi. Impressed by her character, Boaz extends kindness and protection to Ruth. He instructs his workers not to harm her and allows her to glean among the sheaves, providing her with more than the usual gleanings. Boaz tells Ruth, "May the LORD repay your work, and may you receive a rich reward from the LORD, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have taken refuge" (Ruth 2:12).

Boaz's actions reflect the biblical principle of hesed, or loving-kindness, which is a central theme in the Book of Ruth. His generosity ensures that Ruth gleans abundantly, gathering an ephah of barley, a substantial amount for a gleaner (Ruth 2:17).

Significance and Theological Themes

The account of Ruth gleaning abundantly underscores several key theological themes. First, it highlights God's providential care for those who trust in Him. Ruth's decision to follow Naomi and embrace the God of Israel leads to her being placed in a position of blessing and provision.

Second, the narrative illustrates the importance of obedience to God's laws. The provision for gleaners in the Mosaic Law serves as a means of social justice, ensuring that the vulnerable are cared for within the community. Boaz's adherence to these laws and his additional kindness to Ruth exemplify righteous living.

Lastly, the account foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles into the covenant community. Ruth, a Moabite, becomes an ancestor of King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ, demonstrating God's redemptive plan for all nations.

Cultural and Historical Insights

The practice of gleaning was an integral part of the agrarian society in ancient Israel. It provided a safety net for the poor, widows, and foreigners, allowing them to sustain themselves with dignity. The narrative of Ruth gleaning abundantly offers a glimpse into the social and economic structures of the time, as well as the communal responsibility to care for the less fortunate.

Boaz's role as a kinsman-redeemer is also significant. This concept, rooted in Levitical law, involves a relative stepping in to preserve the family line and property of a deceased kinsman. Boaz's willingness to fulfill this role for Ruth and Naomi sets the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive purposes through their lineage.