The Amalekites, a nomadic tribe descended from Esau's grandson Amalek, are frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as adversaries of the Israelites. Their enmity with Israel is marked by a series of conflicts and divine judgments, culminating in acts of revenge commanded by God.

Initial Hostility and Divine Judgment

The Amalekites first appear as aggressors in Exodus 17:8-16, where they attack the Israelites at Rephidim shortly after the Exodus from Egypt. This unprovoked assault leads to a battle in which Moses, with the aid of Aaron and Hur, holds up his hands to ensure Israel's victory. Following this encounter, the LORD declares, "I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven" (Exodus 17:14). This pronouncement establishes a divine mandate against the Amalekites, marking them for future judgment.

Continued Hostility

The Amalekites continue to harass Israel throughout their wilderness journey and into the period of the Judges. In Judges 3:13, they join forces with the Moabites against Israel, and in Judges 6:3-5, they are part of a coalition that devastates the land during the time of Gideon. Their persistent aggression underscores their role as perennial enemies of God's people.

Saul's Campaign Against the Amalekites

The most significant act of revenge against the Amalekites occurs during the reign of King Saul. In 1 Samuel 15, the prophet Samuel conveys God's command to Saul to "go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them" (1 Samuel 15:3). This directive is a fulfillment of the earlier divine judgment pronounced in Exodus. Saul's failure to fully execute this command, sparing King Agag and the best of the livestock, results in God's rejection of Saul as king (1 Samuel 15:26-28).

David's Encounters with the Amalekites

David, before becoming king, also engages the Amalekites. In 1 Samuel 30, the Amalekites raid Ziklag, capturing the families of David and his men. David pursues them, recovers all that was taken, and inflicts a decisive defeat on the Amalekites (1 Samuel 30:17-19). This victory further diminishes the Amalekite threat and demonstrates God's continued support for David.

Final Annihilation

The ultimate revenge on the Amalekites is recorded in 1 Chronicles 4:42-43, where the Simeonites destroy the remaining Amalekites during the reign of Hezekiah. This act fulfills the divine decree to erase the memory of Amalek, as prophesied in Exodus 17.

Theological Implications

The narrative of revenge on the Amalekites is often viewed through the lens of divine justice and the fulfillment of God's promises. The Amalekites' persistent opposition to Israel and their defiance of God's will result in their eventual destruction. This theme underscores the biblical principle that God's purposes will prevail, and those who oppose His people and His plans will face judgment.