Definition and Context:
Self-righteousness is the belief in one's own righteousness, often accompanied by a sense of moral superiority over others. In the biblical context, self-righteousness is seen as a spiritual pitfall that leads individuals away from genuine faith and humility before God. The Bible consistently warns against self-righteousness, emphasizing the need for humility and reliance on God's grace.

Biblical References:

1. Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector (Luke 18:9-14):
In this parable, Jesus contrasts the self-righteous Pharisee with the humble tax collector. The Pharisee boasts of his own righteousness, saying, "God, I thank You that I am not like other men—swindlers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week and pay tithes of all that I acquire" (Luke 18:11-12). In contrast, the tax collector humbly prays, "God, have mercy on me, a sinner!" (Luke 18:13). Jesus concludes that the tax collector, not the Pharisee, went home justified before God, highlighting the importance of humility over self-righteousness.

2. Isaiah's Rebuke of Self-Righteousness (Isaiah 64:6):
The prophet Isaiah declares, "All of us have become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags; we all shrivel up like a leaf, and like the wind, our sins sweep us away" . This passage underscores the futility of self-righteousness, as human efforts to achieve righteousness are inadequate before a holy God.

3. Paul's Teaching on Righteousness (Philippians 3:9):
The Apostle Paul, once a Pharisee himself, writes about the futility of self-righteousness through the law. He expresses his desire to "be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness from God on the basis of faith" . Paul emphasizes that true righteousness comes from faith in Christ, not from one's own efforts.

4. Jesus' Condemnation of the Pharisees (Matthew 23:27-28):
Jesus criticizes the Pharisees for their outward displays of righteousness, saying, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity. In the same way, on the outside you appear to be righteous, but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness" . This rebuke highlights the danger of focusing on external appearances rather than genuine inner transformation.

Theological Implications:

Rejecting self-righteousness is central to understanding the Christian doctrine of salvation by grace through faith. The Bible teaches that no one can achieve righteousness through their own efforts or adherence to the law. Instead, righteousness is a gift from God, granted through faith in Jesus Christ. This understanding calls believers to a life of humility, recognizing their dependence on God's grace rather than their own merits.

Practical Application:

Believers are encouraged to examine their hearts and attitudes, ensuring that they do not fall into the trap of self-righteousness. This involves a continual process of repentance, seeking God's forgiveness, and relying on the Holy Spirit for transformation. Christians are called to extend grace and compassion to others, recognizing that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). By rejecting self-righteousness, believers can cultivate a spirit of humility and gratitude, living in a way that reflects the love and grace of Christ.