The "Question of the Nations" refers to the biblical theme concerning the role, destiny, and relationship of the nations in God's redemptive plan. This theme is woven throughout the Scriptures, highlighting God's sovereignty over all nations and His desire for them to know Him.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the nations are often depicted in relation to Israel, God's chosen people. The Hebrew term "goyim" is frequently used to refer to these nations. From the outset, God's covenant with Abraham included a promise that "all peoples on earth will be blessed through you" (Genesis 12:3). This indicates that God's plan for redemption was not limited to Israel but extended to all nations.

The Psalms and the Prophets frequently address the nations, calling them to recognize the sovereignty of Yahweh. Psalm 67:2-4 expresses a desire for God's ways to be known among all nations: "that Your way may be known on earth, Your salvation among all nations. Let the peoples praise You, O God; let all the peoples praise You. Let the nations be glad and sing for joy." Similarly, Isaiah 49:6 speaks of the Servant of the Lord as a light to the nations: "I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth."

New Testament Fulfillment

The New Testament continues this theme, emphasizing the inclusion of the Gentiles in God's salvific plan. Jesus' Great Commission in Matthew 28:19 commands His disciples to "go and make disciples of all nations," underscoring the universal scope of the gospel. The Book of Acts records the early church's mission to the Gentiles, beginning with Peter's vision in Acts 10 and the subsequent conversion of Cornelius, a Roman centurion.

The Apostle Paul, known as the Apostle to the Gentiles, further articulates this mission. In Romans 1:5 , Paul states that he received grace and apostleship "to call all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith for His name’s sake." Paul's letters frequently address the unity of Jews and Gentiles in Christ, as seen in Ephesians 2:14 : "For He Himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has torn down the dividing wall of hostility."

Eschatological Vision

The eschatological vision of the nations is vividly portrayed in the Book of Revelation. Revelation 7:9 describes a great multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and language standing before the throne and before the Lamb, signifying the fulfillment of God's promise to bless all nations through Abraham's seed. Revelation 21:24 further envisions the nations walking by the light of the New Jerusalem, bringing their glory into it.

Theological Implications

The "Question of the Nations" raises important theological considerations regarding God's justice, mercy, and the universality of the gospel. It challenges believers to engage in mission work, recognizing that God's heart is for all people to come to repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. The theme also affirms the diversity within the unity of the body of Christ, as believers from every nation are called to worship the one true God.

Throughout Scripture, the nations are both recipients of God's judgment and objects of His mercy. The prophetic literature often speaks of God's judgment upon the nations for their idolatry and injustice, yet it also holds out hope for their redemption. This dual aspect underscores the biblical tension between God's holiness and His love, inviting believers to participate in His mission to the world.