Biblical Context:
Tattenai was a Persian governor of the province "Beyond the River," which included the region of Judah during the time of the Jewish return from Babylonian exile. His role and actions are primarily documented in the Book of Ezra, where he is noted for his opposition to the rebuilding of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

Scriptural References:
The primary account of Tattenai's opposition is found in Ezra 5:3-17 and Ezra 6:1-13. These passages detail his interactions with the Jewish leaders and his subsequent correspondence with King Darius of Persia.

Ezra 5:3-5 :
"At that time Tattenai, the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, and Shethar-bozenai and their associates came to them and asked, 'Who gave you the authority to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?' They also asked, 'What are the names of the men who are constructing this building?' But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, and they were not stopped until a report could go to Darius and his written instructions were received."

Role and Actions:
Tattenai's inquiry into the rebuilding efforts was likely motivated by his responsibility to maintain order and ensure that any major construction projects had the approval of the Persian authorities. His approach was procedural rather than overtly hostile, as he sought clarification from King Darius regarding the legitimacy of the Jews' activities.

Ezra 5:6-17 :
Tattenai's letter to King Darius is a formal report that outlines the situation. He describes the Jews' claim that they were rebuilding the temple under the decree of Cyrus, the former king of Persia. Tattenai requests that a search be made in the royal archives to verify this claim.

Response from King Darius:
In response to Tattenai's inquiry, King Darius orders a search of the archives, which confirms the decree of Cyrus allowing the Jews to rebuild the temple. Darius then issues a decree instructing Tattenai and his associates not to interfere with the work and to provide the necessary resources for the construction.

Ezra 6:6-7 :
"Now therefore, Tattenai, governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and your associates and officials in the region, you are to stay away from that place. Leave the work on this house of God alone. Let the governor of the Jews and the Jewish elders rebuild this house of God on its original site."

Ezra 6:13 :
"Then, because of the decree King Darius had sent, Tattenai, governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates diligently carried it out."

Significance:
Tattenai's opposition, while initially a challenge to the Jewish efforts, ultimately resulted in a reaffirmation of their right to rebuild the temple. His actions inadvertently led to the provision of royal support and resources, facilitating the completion of the temple. This episode highlights the providential oversight of God in the affairs of His people, ensuring that His purposes are fulfilled despite human opposition.