The concept of obligation to authorities is a significant theme in the Bible, reflecting the relationship between believers and governing bodies. This topic is rooted in the understanding that all authority is established by God, and thus, respecting and obeying these authorities is a reflection of one's obedience to God.

Biblical Foundation

The primary scriptural basis for the obligation to authorities is found in Romans 13:1-7. The Apostle Paul writes, "Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God" (Romans 13:1). This passage underscores the divine origin of governmental power and the believer's duty to submit to it.

Paul continues, "Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves" (Romans 13:2). This verse highlights the seriousness of rebellion against established authorities, equating it with opposition to God's ordinance.

Purpose of Authority

Authorities are instituted by God to maintain order and justice. Romans 13:3-4 states, "For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Do what is right, and you will have his approval. For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God’s servant, an agent of retribution to bring punishment on the wrongdoer" . Here, Paul emphasizes that authorities serve as God's servants to promote good and restrain evil.

Obedience and Conscience

The obligation to authorities is not merely a matter of external compliance but also involves the conscience. Romans 13:5 states, "Therefore, it is necessary to submit to authority, not only to avoid punishment but also as a matter of conscience" . This indicates that obedience to authorities is an expression of a believer's inner conviction and moral responsibility.

Paying Taxes and Respect

Paul further elaborates on the practical aspects of this obligation, including the payment of taxes and showing respect. "This is also why you pay taxes. For the authorities are God’s servants, who devote themselves to their work. Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due" (Romans 13:6-7). These verses affirm that financial and social obligations to authorities are part of the believer's duty.

Limits of Obedience

While the Bible emphasizes submission to authorities, it also acknowledges the limits of such obedience. Acts 5:29 records the apostles' response to the Sanhedrin: "We must obey God rather than men" . This principle establishes that when human laws conflict with God's commands, believers must prioritize divine authority.

Old Testament Insights

The Old Testament also provides insights into the obligation to authorities. In Daniel 2:21, it is stated, "He changes times and seasons; He removes kings and establishes them" . This verse reflects the sovereignty of God over political affairs and the rise and fall of leaders.

Additionally, Proverbs 24:21 advises, "My son, fear the LORD and the king, and do not associate with the rebellious" . This wisdom literature underscores the importance of respecting both divine and earthly authority.

Conclusion

The obligation to authorities is a multifaceted biblical teaching that encompasses respect, obedience, and the recognition of God's sovereignty over human institutions. While believers are called to submit to governing bodies, their ultimate allegiance remains with God, who is the supreme authority.