Shaul, also referred to as Saul, is a lesser-known figure in the biblical narrative, recognized as one of the ancient kings of Edom. His mention is brief but significant, providing insight into the early governance and lineage of the Edomite people, who were descendants of Esau, the brother of Jacob.

Biblical References:

Shaul is mentioned in the genealogical records of the Edomite kings in the Book of Genesis and the First Book of Chronicles. In Genesis 36:37-38 , it is recorded: "When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth on the river reigned in his place. When Shaul died, Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place." This passage situates Shaul within the succession of Edomite rulers, indicating a period of transition and continuity in Edom's monarchy.

Similarly, 1 Chronicles 1:48-49 echoes this account: "When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth on the river reigned in his place. When Shaul died, Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place." The repetition of this lineage in Chronicles underscores the importance of maintaining an accurate record of Edomite leadership, reflecting the chronicler's intent to preserve the historical and genealogical integrity of the region's rulers.

Historical and Cultural Context:

Edom, located to the southeast of Israel, was a significant neighboring nation with a complex relationship with the Israelites. The Edomites were descendants of Esau, and their history is intertwined with that of Israel, often marked by conflict and rivalry. The mention of Shaul as a king of Edom highlights the structured governance and established monarchy that existed in Edom during this period.

The reference to "Rehoboth on the river" as Shaul's origin suggests a specific geographical location, possibly indicating a place of strategic or economic importance. Rehoboth, meaning "broad places" or "wide spaces," may have been a settlement or region known for its resources or trade routes, contributing to Shaul's prominence as a ruler.

Theological Significance:

From a theological perspective, the inclusion of Edomite kings in the biblical narrative serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all nations and peoples. The Edomites, though often at odds with Israel, are part of the broader biblical account that encompasses God's dealings with humanity. The genealogies and records of foreign kings like Shaul illustrate the interconnectedness of the ancient Near Eastern world and the unfolding of divine providence through various nations.

Shaul's reign, though briefly mentioned, is a testament to the enduring legacy of the Edomite people and their role in the biblical history. His place in the lineage of Edomite kings reflects the continuity of leadership and the enduring impact of Esau's descendants in the region.Genesis 36:37
And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.
Nave's Topical Index

Chapter xxxvi
... is claimed, are still found at the point where the ancient pilgrimage route ... 6.
Shaul"from Rehoboth-hannahar. ... was not a king but only a man "of the king's seed ...
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