Usury

In the biblical context, usury refers to the practice of charging excessive or unfair interest on loans. The Bible addresses the issue of usury primarily in the context of lending among the Israelites, emphasizing fairness and compassion. The Mosaic Law explicitly prohibits the charging of interest among fellow Israelites, promoting a community based on mutual support and care.

In Exodus 22:25 , the law states, "If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not be like a moneylender to him; you must not charge him interest." This command underscores the importance of compassion and assistance to those in need, rather than exploiting their vulnerability for personal gain.

Leviticus 25:35-37 further elaborates on this principle: "If your brother becomes impoverished and cannot support himself among you, help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you. Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, so that your countryman may continue to live among you. You must not lend him your money at interest or sell him your food at a profit."

The prohibition of usury is not limited to the Old Testament. In the New Testament, Jesus' teachings emphasize generosity and selflessness. While the specific term "usury" is not used, the principles of love and charity are clear. In Luke 6:34-35 , Jesus instructs, "And if you lend to those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, expecting to be repaid in full. But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them, expecting nothing in return. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for He is kind to the ungrateful and wicked."

Bribery

Bribery, the act of giving or receiving something of value to influence the actions of another, is consistently condemned in the Bible. It is seen as a corrupt practice that undermines justice and righteousness, which are foundational to God's character and His expectations for His people.

In the Old Testament, the law explicitly forbids bribery. Exodus 23:8 warns, "Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds those who see and twists the words of the righteous." This verse highlights the corrupting influence of bribes, which can distort judgment and lead to injustice.

Deuteronomy 16:19 reinforces this command: "Do not deny justice or show partiality. Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous." The emphasis here is on maintaining integrity and impartiality, essential qualities for leaders and judges.

The wisdom literature also speaks against bribery. Proverbs 17:23 states, "A wicked man takes a covert bribe to subvert the course of justice." This proverb underscores the moral depravity associated with bribery and its destructive impact on society.

In the New Testament, the principles of honesty and integrity are upheld. While the term "bribery" is not frequently mentioned, the teachings of Jesus and the apostles emphasize living a life of righteousness and truth. In 1 Timothy 6:10 , Paul warns, "For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. By craving it, some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows." This admonition serves as a reminder of the dangers of allowing financial gain to corrupt one's values and actions.

Overall, the biblical stance against usury and bribery reflects a commitment to justice, compassion, and integrity, urging believers to uphold these values in their personal and communal lives.