Topical Bible: No or No-Ammon

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Topical Encyclopedia

Introduction:
No, also referred to as No-Ammon, is an ancient city mentioned in the Bible, known for its significance in the history of Egypt. It is identified with the city of Thebes, the capital of Upper Egypt, and was a major center of worship for the Egyptian god Amon (or Amun). The city's prominence is reflected in its frequent mention in biblical texts, particularly in the context of divine judgment and prophecy.

Biblical References:
No-Ammon is mentioned explicitly in the books of Nahum, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. These references highlight the city's grandeur and eventual downfall as a result of divine judgment.

1. Nahum 3:8-10 :
"Are you better than Thebes, situated by the Nile, with water around her, whose rampart was the sea, whose wall was the water? Cush and Egypt were her boundless strength; Put and Libya were her allies. Yet she became an exile; she went into captivity. Her infants were dashed to pieces at the head of every street. They cast lots for her nobles, and all her great men were bound in chains."

In this passage, the prophet Nahum uses No-Ammon as a comparison to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, to illustrate the certainty of Nineveh's impending destruction. Thebes, despite its formidable defenses and alliances, fell to its enemies, serving as a warning to other nations.

2. Jeremiah 46:25-26 :
"The LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: 'Behold, I will punish Amon of Thebes, Pharaoh, Egypt, her gods and her kings, and those who trust in Pharaoh. I will deliver them into the hands of those who seek their lives, into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his officers. Afterward, however, Egypt will be inhabited as in times past,' declares the LORD."

Here, Jeremiah prophesies the judgment against Egypt, including the city of No-Ammon, as part of God's broader plan to humble the nations and demonstrate His sovereignty. The prophecy foretells the conquest by Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar.

3. Ezekiel 30:14-16 :
"I will lay waste Pathros, set fire to Zoan, and execute judgment on Thebes. I will pour out My wrath on Pelusium, the stronghold of Egypt, and cut off the crowds of Thebes. I will set fire to Egypt; Pelusium will writhe in anguish, Thebes will be taken by storm, and Memphis will be in constant distress."

Ezekiel's prophecy echoes the theme of divine judgment against Egypt, with Thebes (No-Ammon) specifically mentioned as a target of God's wrath. The passage underscores the comprehensive nature of the judgment that would befall Egypt.

Historical Context:
Thebes, known as No or No-Ammon in the Bible, was a prominent city in ancient Egypt, located on the east bank of the Nile River. It served as the religious and political capital during various periods, particularly during the New Kingdom (circa 1550–1070 BC). The city was renowned for its grand temples, including the Karnak and Luxor temple complexes, dedicated to the god Amon.

The city's strategic location and wealth made it a target for foreign invaders. It was famously sacked by the Assyrians under Ashurbanipal in 663 BC, an event that likely influenced the biblical prophecies concerning its downfall.

Theological Significance:
The biblical references to No-Ammon serve as a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty over nations and His ability to bring down even the most fortified and prosperous cities. The fall of Thebes is used as a symbol of divine judgment against pride and idolatry, illustrating the futility of relying on human strength and alliances in opposition to God's will.

The prophecies concerning No-Ammon also highlight the theme of God's justice and the eventual restoration of His people. Despite the judgment pronounced on Egypt and its cities, there is a promise of future restoration, reflecting God's mercy and faithfulness to His covenant people.