The concept of the "neighbor's wife" in the Bible is primarily associated with the moral and ethical teachings regarding adultery and covetousness. The term is often used to emphasize the sanctity of marriage and the importance of respecting the marital bonds of others. The Bible provides clear instructions and warnings against desiring or engaging in relationships with a neighbor's wife, underscoring the broader command to love one's neighbor as oneself.

Old Testament References

1. The Ten Commandments: The prohibition against coveting a neighbor's wife is explicitly stated in the Ten Commandments. Exodus 20:17 declares, "You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor." This commandment highlights the importance of contentment and respect for the possessions and relationships of others.

2. Adultery: The act of adultery is condemned throughout the Old Testament. Leviticus 20:10 states, "If a man commits adultery with another man’s wife—with the wife of his neighbor—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death." This severe penalty reflects the gravity of violating the marital covenant and the social order.

3. Wisdom Literature: The Book of Proverbs frequently warns against the dangers of adultery. Proverbs 6:29 cautions, "So is he who sleeps with another man’s wife; no one who touches her will go unpunished." The wisdom literature emphasizes the destructive consequences of such actions, both personally and communally.

New Testament Teachings

1. Jesus' Teachings: Jesus expands on the commandment against adultery by addressing the heart's intentions. In Matthew 5:27-28 , He teaches, "You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart." This teaching underscores the importance of purity in thought and intention, not just in action.

2. Love and Respect: The New Testament continues to uphold the sanctity of marriage and the importance of loving one's neighbor. Romans 13:9 reiterates, "The commandments, 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not murder,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not covet,' and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'" This encapsulates the ethical framework that governs relationships among believers.

Moral and Ethical Implications

The biblical injunctions regarding the neighbor's wife serve as a broader call to uphold the integrity of marriage and to foster a community built on trust and respect. The teachings against coveting and adultery are not merely prohibitions but are intended to cultivate a society where love, fidelity, and mutual respect are paramount. The Bible's consistent message is that relationships should be characterized by honor and selflessness, reflecting the divine order established by God.