The term "nations around" in the Bible often refers to the various peoples and kingdoms that surrounded the land of Israel. These nations played significant roles in the history of Israel, both as adversaries and as instruments in God's divine plan. The interactions between Israel and these nations are a recurring theme throughout the Old and New Testaments.

Biblical Context

In the Old Testament, the "nations around" Israel were often seen as pagan and idolatrous, worshiping gods other than Yahweh. These nations included the Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Arameans, and others. The Israelites were frequently warned against adopting the practices and religious customs of these neighboring peoples. In Leviticus 18:24-25 , God commands the Israelites, "Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for by all these things the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves. Even the land has become defiled, so I am punishing it for its sin, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants."

Historical Interactions

Throughout the historical books of the Old Testament, Israel's interactions with the surrounding nations are documented in detail. The Philistines, for example, were a constant threat during the period of the Judges and the early monarchy. The famous account of David and Goliath (1 Samuel 17) highlights the conflict between Israel and the Philistines.

The Moabites and Ammonites, descendants of Lot, were also frequent adversaries. In Judges 3:12-14 , the Israelites are oppressed by the Moabites until God raises up Ehud as a deliverer. Similarly, the Ammonites are a recurring enemy, as seen in the account of Jephthah in Judges 11.

The Edomites, descendants of Esau, had a complex relationship with Israel. While they were kin, they often opposed Israel, as seen in Numbers 20:14-21 , where Edom refuses passage to the Israelites during their wilderness journey.

Prophetic Warnings and Judgments

The prophets of Israel frequently pronounced judgments against the nations around. These prophecies often served as warnings to Israel about the consequences of disobedience and idolatry. For instance, the book of Isaiah contains oracles against several nations, including Babylon, Moab, and Damascus (Isaiah 13-23). These prophecies highlight God's sovereignty over all nations and His use of them to accomplish His purposes.

In Ezekiel 25-32, the prophet delivers messages of judgment against Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia, Tyre, and Egypt. These chapters emphasize that while these nations may have been instruments of judgment against Israel, they too would face divine retribution for their actions and attitudes.

New Testament Perspective

In the New Testament, the concept of "nations" expands to include the Gentiles, reflecting the universal scope of the Gospel. Jesus' Great Commission in Matthew 28:19 commands His followers to "go and make disciples of all nations," indicating the inclusion of all peoples in God's redemptive plan.

The Apostle Paul further emphasizes this in his letters, particularly in Romans 15:9-12 , where he cites Old Testament passages to show that the Gentiles are included in God's promises. The early church grappled with the inclusion of Gentiles, as seen in the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15, which affirmed that Gentile believers were not required to follow the Mosaic Law.

Theological Significance

The interactions between Israel and the nations around them serve as a backdrop for understanding God's covenant relationship with His people and His ultimate plan for redemption through Jesus Christ. The warnings against idolatry and the call to holiness are timeless principles that continue to resonate with believers today. The inclusion of all nations in the Gospel message underscores the universality of God's love and the fulfillment of His promise to Abraham that "all nations on earth will be blessed" through his offspring (Genesis 22:18).