The term "King of Adullam" is not directly mentioned in the Bible; however, Adullam is a significant location in biblical history, particularly in the life of David. Adullam is a city in the Shephelah region of Judah, known for its strategic position and its famous cave, which served as a refuge for David.

Biblical Context

Adullam is first mentioned in the context of the Canaanite conquest in the Book of Joshua. It is listed among the cities in the lowland of Judah: "Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon, Cabbon, Lahmas, Kitlish, Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen cities, along with their villages" (Joshua 15:39-41). This indicates its inclusion in the tribal allotment to Judah, highlighting its importance in the region.

David's Refuge

The most notable biblical reference to Adullam is found in the narrative of David's flight from King Saul. After escaping from Gath, David sought refuge in the cave of Adullam. This event is recorded in 1 Samuel 22:1-2: "So David left Gath and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and all his father’s house heard about it, they went down to him there. And all those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him" .

The cave of Adullam became a stronghold for David and his followers, who were described as a motley group of individuals in distress, debt, or discontent. This gathering of men at Adullam marks the beginning of David's rise as a leader and eventual king, as he formed a loyal band of warriors who would support him throughout his struggles against Saul and beyond.

Historical and Archaeological Insights

Adullam's location has been identified with the modern site of Khirbet esh-Sheikh Madhkur, near the Valley of Elah. Archaeological findings in the area have provided insights into the ancient city's fortifications and its role as a defensive site. The strategic position of Adullam, near major trade routes and fertile lands, made it a valuable asset for any ruler in the region.

Symbolic Significance

In a broader symbolic sense, Adullam represents a place of refuge and transformation. For David, it was a place where he gathered strength, built alliances, and prepared for his future role as king of Israel. The gathering of the distressed and discontented at Adullam can be seen as a foreshadowing of the inclusive nature of David's eventual kingdom, where those marginalized by society found a place and purpose.

Legacy

While there is no specific "King of Adullam" mentioned in the biblical text, the significance of Adullam in David's life and its role as a sanctuary during his time of need have left a lasting legacy in biblical history. The account of David at Adullam continues to inspire interpretations of leadership, refuge, and divine providence in the face of adversity.