Introduction:
King Artaxerxes I of Persia, a significant figure in the biblical narrative, is primarily known for his interactions with the Jewish people during the post-exilic period. His reign is marked by pivotal decisions that impacted the restoration of Jerusalem and the Jewish community. The biblical accounts of Artaxerxes' responses are found in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where his decrees and letters play a crucial role in the unfolding of God's plan for His people.

Artaxerxes and Ezra:
In the book of Ezra, Artaxerxes' response is instrumental in the religious and social restoration of the Jewish community. Ezra, a scribe and priest, is granted permission by Artaxerxes to lead a group of exiles back to Jerusalem. The king's decree, as recorded in Ezra 7:11-26, provides Ezra with the authority to appoint magistrates and judges, ensuring the observance of the Law of God. Artaxerxes' letter states:

"You are sent by the king and his seven counselors to inquire about Judah and Jerusalem according to the Law of your God, which is in your hand" (Ezra 7:14).

This response highlights Artaxerxes' respect for the Jewish faith and his willingness to support its leaders in re-establishing religious practices. The king's decree also includes provisions for the temple, allowing for the safe transport of silver, gold, and other offerings, demonstrating his commitment to the temple's restoration.

Artaxerxes and Nehemiah:
Nehemiah, a cupbearer to King Artaxerxes, receives a compassionate and favorable response from the king when he learns of the desolation of Jerusalem's walls. Nehemiah's request to rebuild the walls is met with Artaxerxes' approval, as recorded in Nehemiah 2:1-8. The king not only grants Nehemiah leave to return to Jerusalem but also provides him with letters for safe passage and resources for the construction:

"And may I have a letter to Asaph, the keeper of the king’s forest, so that he will give me timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple and for the city wall and for the house I will occupy?" And the king granted my requests, according to the good hand of my God upon me" (Nehemiah 2:8).

Artaxerxes' response to Nehemiah underscores his role as a facilitator of God's providential plan, allowing the rebuilding of Jerusalem's physical and spiritual infrastructure.

Artaxerxes' Role in God's Plan:
Artaxerxes' responses to both Ezra and Nehemiah reflect a broader divine orchestration in the history of Israel. His decrees align with the prophetic promises of restoration and highlight the sovereignty of God in using foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes. The king's favorable actions towards the Jewish people demonstrate a remarkable openness to the influence of God's hand, as seen through the faithfulness and prayers of His servants, Ezra and Nehemiah.

Conclusion:
King Artaxerxes' responses, as recorded in the biblical narrative, serve as a testament to the unfolding of God's redemptive plan for His people. Through Artaxerxes' decrees, the Jewish community experienced a significant period of restoration, both in their religious practices and in the physical rebuilding of Jerusalem. His interactions with Ezra and Nehemiah reveal the intricate ways in which God works through history, using even foreign kings to fulfill His divine purposes.