Background and Context

Joseph, the eleventh son of Jacob and the firstborn of Rachel, is a central figure in the narrative of Genesis. His account, which spans Genesis 37 to 50, is a tale of divine providence, human jealousy, and ultimate redemption. Joseph's journey from favored son to a slave in Egypt is a pivotal moment in the history of the Israelites, setting the stage for their eventual migration to Egypt.

The Favoritism of Jacob

Joseph was deeply loved by his father, Jacob, more than any of his other sons, because he was the son of his old age. This favoritism was symbolized by the "robe of many colors" (Genesis 37:3) that Jacob made for him. This preferential treatment sowed seeds of envy and hatred among his brothers, who could not speak peaceably to him.

Joseph's Dreams

Joseph's dreams further fueled his brothers' animosity. He dreamt that he and his brothers were binding sheaves in the field, and his sheaf rose and stood upright while their sheaves gathered around and bowed down to his sheaf (Genesis 37:7). In another dream, the sun, moon, and eleven stars bowed down to him (Genesis 37:9). These dreams, interpreted as Joseph's future dominion over his family, incited his brothers' jealousy and anger.

The Plot Against Joseph

The opportunity for Joseph's brothers to act on their hatred came when Jacob sent Joseph to check on them as they pastured their flocks in Shechem. Seeing him approach, they conspired to kill him, but Reuben, the eldest, intervened, suggesting they throw him into a pit instead, intending to rescue him later (Genesis 37:21-22).

Joseph Sold into Slavery

While Reuben was absent, the brothers seized another opportunity. They sold Joseph to a caravan of Ishmaelites (or Midianites) traveling to Egypt for twenty shekels of silver (Genesis 37:28). This act of betrayal was both a literal and symbolic descent for Joseph, as he was taken down to Egypt, away from his family and homeland.

Deception of Jacob

To conceal their deed, the brothers dipped Joseph's robe in goat's blood and presented it to Jacob, leading him to believe that Joseph had been devoured by a wild animal (Genesis 37:31-33). Jacob mourned deeply for his son, refusing to be comforted.

Joseph in Egypt

Joseph's arrival in Egypt marked the beginning of a new chapter. He was sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard (Genesis 37:36). Despite his circumstances, Joseph's account in Egypt is characterized by God's favor and Joseph's unwavering faithfulness, which eventually led to his rise to power and the preservation of his family during a time of famine.

Theological Significance

The account of Joseph being sold into slavery is rich with theological themes. It illustrates the sovereignty of God, who works through human actions, even those intended for harm, to fulfill His divine purposes. Joseph's account is a testament to God's faithfulness and the unfolding of His covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It also prefigures the redemptive work of Christ, who, like Joseph, was betrayed and suffered but ultimately brought salvation to many.