Introduction

The concept of fear in the context of Israel is multifaceted, encompassing both the fear of God and the fear of external threats. Throughout the Bible, Israel's fear is depicted as a significant factor influencing their relationship with God, their obedience to His commandments, and their interactions with surrounding nations. This entry explores the various dimensions of Israel's fear as presented in the Scriptures.

Fear of God

The fear of the Lord is a central theme in the Bible, often associated with reverence, awe, and obedience. For Israel, fearing God was foundational to their covenant relationship with Him. In Deuteronomy 10:12, Moses exhorts the Israelites: "And now, O Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God by walking in all His ways, to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul" . This fear is not merely an emotional response but a profound respect that leads to faithful adherence to God's laws.

The fear of God is also linked to wisdom and understanding. Proverbs 9:10 states, "The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom, and knowledge of the Holy One is understanding" . For Israel, this fear was intended to guide them in righteous living and to distinguish them as a holy nation.

Fear of Enemies and External Threats

Israel's history is replete with instances of fear in the face of external threats. The fear of surrounding nations often tested their faith and reliance on God. In Numbers 13:31-33, the Israelites express fear after the spies report the strength of the inhabitants of Canaan: "We cannot go up against the people, for they are stronger than we are... We seemed like grasshoppers in our own sight, and we must have seemed the same to them" . This fear led to a lack of trust in God's promises and resulted in a prolonged wilderness journey.

Despite these fears, God repeatedly assured Israel of His protection and deliverance. In Isaiah 41:10, God comforts His people: "Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My right hand of righteousness" . Such assurances were meant to encourage Israel to place their trust in God rather than succumb to fear.

Fear as a Consequence of Disobedience

Fear also served as a consequence of Israel's disobedience and rebellion against God. In Leviticus 26:36, God warns of the fear that will grip the disobedient: "As for those of you who survive, I will send despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a windblown leaf will put them to flight; they will flee as though fleeing from the sword, and they will fall, even though no one is pursuing them" . This fear was a manifestation of God's judgment and a call to repentance.

Fear in the Psalms

The Psalms frequently address the theme of fear, both in terms of fearing God and seeking His deliverance from fear-inducing situations. Psalm 27:1 declares, "The LORD is my light and my salvation—whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life—whom shall I dread?" . Here, the psalmist expresses confidence in God's protection, illustrating the ideal response to fear.

Conclusion

Israel's fear, whether of God or external threats, played a crucial role in shaping their spiritual journey. The Bible presents fear as both a motivator for obedience and a challenge to faith, ultimately pointing to the necessity of trusting in God's sovereignty and faithfulness.