Expensive perfume in the Bible is often associated with acts of devotion, worship, and anointing, symbolizing honor, sacrifice, and the presence of the divine. Perfumes and ointments were highly valued in ancient times, often made from rare and costly ingredients, and their use in biblical narratives underscores their significance.

Old Testament References

In the Old Testament, perfumes were used in religious rituals and personal grooming. The anointing oil described in Exodus 30:22-25 was a sacred blend of myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, cassia, and olive oil, used to consecrate the Tabernacle and its furnishings, as well as the priests. This sacred mixture was not to be replicated for personal use, highlighting its sanctity and the importance of maintaining the holiness of worship practices.

Proverbs 27:9 states, "Oil and incense bring joy to the heart, and the sweetness of a friend is counsel to the soul." This verse illustrates the cultural appreciation for fragrances and their association with joy and friendship.

New Testament References

In the New Testament, expensive perfume is notably mentioned in the accounts of Jesus' anointing. In Matthew 26:6-13, Mark 14:3-9, and John 12:1-8, a woman anoints Jesus with costly perfume. John identifies her as Mary, the sister of Lazarus, who anoints Jesus' feet with a pound of pure nard, a perfume of great value. The disciples, particularly Judas Iscariot, criticize this act as wasteful, suggesting the perfume could have been sold to aid the poor. However, Jesus defends her actions, saying, "She has done a beautiful thing to Me. The poor you will always have with you, but you will not always have Me" (Matthew 26:10-11). This anointing is seen as a prophetic act, preparing Jesus for His burial.

The use of expensive perfume in these accounts emphasizes the depth of devotion and recognition of Jesus' divine identity. The act of anointing with costly perfume signifies honor and reverence, acknowledging Jesus' impending sacrifice and the value of His presence.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance

Perfume in biblical times was a luxury, often imported from distant lands, and its use was a sign of wealth and status. The act of anointing with perfume was not only a gesture of hospitality but also a symbolic act of consecration and blessing. In the Song of Solomon, perfumes are used metaphorically to describe the beauty and allure of love, as seen in Song of Solomon 1:3 : "The fragrance of your perfume is pleasing; your name is like perfume poured out."

The biblical narratives involving expensive perfume highlight themes of sacrifice, worship, and the recognition of divine authority. These accounts remind believers of the importance of offering their best to God, reflecting the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ.