Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah are notable figures mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in the context of the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah. Their roles are highlighted during a critical period in Judah's history when the Assyrian Empire posed a significant threat to the kingdom.

Eliakim

Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, served as the palace administrator or steward under King Hezekiah. His position was one of great responsibility and influence, as he was entrusted with the management of the king's household and affairs. Eliakim's role is prominently featured in the narrative of the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem, as recorded in 2 Kings 18:18 and Isaiah 36:3. In these accounts, Eliakim is sent by Hezekiah to negotiate with the Assyrian envoy, the Rabshakeh, who was demanding the surrender of Jerusalem. Eliakim's presence in these negotiations underscores his importance and trustworthiness in the eyes of the king.

The prophet Isaiah also speaks of Eliakim in a prophetic context, where he is described as a faithful servant who will be given authority and responsibility. Isaiah 22:20-22 states, "On that day I will summon My servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah. I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will hand your authority over to him, and he will be a father to the dwellers of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David; what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open." This passage highlights Eliakim's role as a type of Christ, prefiguring the ultimate authority and stewardship of Jesus over the house of David.

Shebna

Shebna is introduced as the royal secretary or scribe during the reign of Hezekiah. His role is significant, as he was responsible for maintaining official records and correspondence. However, Shebna's legacy is marred by a rebuke from the prophet Isaiah. In Isaiah 22:15-19, Shebna is criticized for his pride and self-aggrandizement, as he had constructed a lavish tomb for himself, seeking to immortalize his name. Isaiah prophesies that Shebna will be removed from his position and replaced by Eliakim, as a divine judgment for his arrogance and lack of humility.

The account of Shebna serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and self-reliance, contrasting with the faithful service of Eliakim. It underscores the biblical principle that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6).

Joah

Joah, the son of Asaph, held the position of the recorder or chronicler in Hezekiah's administration. His role was to document the events and affairs of the kingdom, ensuring that the history and decisions of the reign were accurately recorded. Joah's involvement in the negotiations with the Assyrian envoy, alongside Eliakim and Shebna, is noted in 2 Kings 18:18 and Isaiah 36:3. His presence in these critical discussions indicates his importance in the royal court and his role in preserving the historical record of Judah during this tumultuous period.

In summary, Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah were key officials in King Hezekiah's administration, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. Their accounts, as recorded in the biblical narrative, offer insights into the themes of faithfulness, humility, and the consequences of pride, serving as enduring lessons for believers.