In biblical literature, dogs and sows are often used symbolically to convey themes of impurity, folly, and moral degradation. These animals are mentioned in various contexts throughout the Scriptures, each carrying significant cultural and theological implications.

Dogs

In ancient Israel, dogs were generally not regarded as domesticated pets as they are in many cultures today. Instead, they were often seen as scavengers and associated with uncleanness. This perception is reflected in several biblical passages where dogs symbolize impurity and moral corruption.

One of the most notable references to dogs is found in the New Testament. In Matthew 7:6 , Jesus warns, "Do not give dogs what is holy; do not throw your pearls before swine. If you do, they may trample them under their feet, and then turn and tear you to pieces." Here, dogs are used metaphorically to represent those who are hostile to the Gospel, underscoring the need for discernment in sharing sacred truths.

In the Old Testament, dogs are often associated with negative imagery. For instance, in 1 Kings 14:11 , it is prophesied that "Anyone belonging to Jeroboam who dies in the city, the dogs will eat." This grim fate highlights the dishonor and disgrace associated with being consumed by dogs, a fate reserved for the wicked and unrepentant.

Additionally, in Philippians 3:2 , the Apostle Paul warns believers to "Watch out for those dogs, those workers of evil, those mutilators of the flesh!" Here, "dogs" is a derogatory term used to describe false teachers who threaten the purity of the Christian faith.

Sows

Sows, or female pigs, are similarly used in Scripture to symbolize uncleanness and folly. Pigs were considered unclean animals according to the Mosaic Law, as outlined in Leviticus 11:7 : "And the pig, though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you."

In the New Testament, the imagery of sows is employed to illustrate the futility of returning to sinful behavior after experiencing the truth of the Gospel. 2 Peter 2:22 states, "Of them the proverbs are true: 'A dog returns to its vomit,' and, 'A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.'" This proverb underscores the tragic nature of apostasy, likening it to a sow that, despite being cleansed, returns to its filthy habits.

The use of sows in biblical literature serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of spiritual transformation and the dangers of reverting to one's former sinful ways. The imagery of a sow returning to the mud after being washed is a vivid depiction of the futility and degradation of abandoning the path of righteousness.

In summary, the biblical portrayal of dogs and sows serves as a stark reminder of the themes of impurity, moral corruption, and the consequences of rejecting divine truth. These animals, through their symbolic use, convey profound spiritual lessons that resonate throughout the biblical narrative.