The concept of distinguishing between the holy and the common is a fundamental theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing the separation between what is sacred and what is ordinary. This distinction is rooted in the character of God, who is holy and calls His people to reflect His holiness in their lives.

Old Testament Foundations

The distinction between holy and common is first introduced in the Old Testament, particularly in the Mosaic Law. Leviticus 10:10 states, "You must distinguish between the holy and the common, between the clean and the unclean." This command was given to the priests, who were responsible for teaching the Israelites how to live in a manner that honored God. The priests were to ensure that the sacred rituals, offerings, and objects used in worship were treated with reverence and not profaned by common use.

The tabernacle, and later the temple, served as physical representations of this distinction. The Most Holy Place, where the Ark of the Covenant was kept, was separated by a veil and could only be entered by the high priest once a year on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:2-34). This separation underscored the holiness of God and the need for atonement to approach Him.

Ceremonial Laws and Purity

The ceremonial laws given to Israel further illustrated the distinction between holy and common. These laws included dietary restrictions, purification rituals, and guidelines for worship. For example, certain animals were deemed clean and could be eaten, while others were unclean and forbidden (Leviticus 11). These laws served as daily reminders of the need to maintain purity and holiness in all aspects of life.

The Sabbath was another institution that highlighted this distinction. It was a day set apart for rest and worship, a holy day distinct from the common days of labor (Exodus 20:8-11). Observing the Sabbath was a sign of the covenant between God and Israel, emphasizing the importance of dedicating time to God.

Prophetic Emphasis

The prophets often called the people of Israel back to a proper understanding of holiness. They rebuked the nation for failing to distinguish between the holy and the common, particularly in their worship practices. Ezekiel 22:26 laments, "Her priests do violence to My law and profane My holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the common, and they teach that there is no difference between the unclean and the clean."

New Testament Fulfillment

In the New Testament, the distinction between holy and common is fulfilled in Christ. Jesus, the Holy One of God, perfectly embodied holiness and provided the ultimate means of sanctification through His death and resurrection. Believers are called to be holy, as God is holy (1 Peter 1:15-16), and are empowered by the Holy Spirit to live lives set apart for God.

The apostle Paul emphasizes the call to holiness in the life of the believer. In 2 Corinthians 6:17 , he writes, "Therefore come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you." This call to separation is not a withdrawal from the world but a commitment to live according to God's standards.

Practical Implications

The distinction between holy and common has practical implications for the Christian life. It calls believers to discernment in their choices, ensuring that their actions, words, and thoughts align with God's holiness. Worship, both corporate and personal, should reflect reverence and honor for God, avoiding the casual or irreverent treatment of sacred matters.

In summary, the distinction between holy and common is a biblical principle that underscores the nature of God and His call for His people to live in holiness. It is a theme that runs from the Old Testament through the New Testament, finding its ultimate expression in the person and work of Jesus Christ.