The construction of the Tabernacle, as detailed in the Book of Exodus, represents a significant event in the history of the Israelites, serving as a physical manifestation of God's presence among His people. The coverings of the Tabernacle were integral to its design, symbolizing various aspects of divine protection, holiness, and the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

Biblical Instructions and Materials

The instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle and its coverings are found primarily in Exodus 26 and 36. God provided Moses with specific details on how the Tabernacle was to be constructed, emphasizing precision and adherence to divine specifications. The coverings were made from a variety of materials, each with symbolic significance.

1. Fine Twisted Linen with Cherubim: The innermost covering was made of fine twisted linen, embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and adorned with cherubim. Exodus 26:1 states, "You are to construct the Tabernacle itself with ten curtains of finely spun linen, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim skillfully worked into them." This covering symbolized purity and the heavenly realm, as cherubim are often associated with the presence of God.

2. Goat Hair Curtains: The second layer consisted of curtains made from goat hair. Exodus 26:7 instructs, "You are to make curtains of goat hair for the tent over the Tabernacle—eleven curtains in all." Goat hair was a durable material, providing protection and insulation. It also represented the sacrificial aspect of the Tabernacle, as goats were commonly used in offerings.

3. Ram Skins Dyed Red: The third covering was made from ram skins dyed red. This layer is mentioned in Exodus 26:14 , "Also make a covering for the tent out of ram skins dyed red." The red dye symbolized sacrifice and atonement, pointing to the future sacrifice of Christ, the Lamb of God.

4. Durable Leather (Possibly Sea Cow or Badger Skins): The outermost covering was made from a durable leather, often translated as sea cow or badger skins. Exodus 26:14 continues, "and over that a covering of fine leather." This layer provided protection from the elements, ensuring the Tabernacle's longevity and safeguarding the sacred space within.

Symbolism and Theological Significance

The multi-layered coverings of the Tabernacle were not merely functional but carried deep theological significance. Each layer represented different aspects of God's relationship with His people and His divine attributes:

· Holiness and Purity: The fine linen with cherubim underscored the holiness of God and the purity required to approach Him. The presence of cherubim, reminiscent of the Garden of Eden, highlighted the sacredness of the space.

· Protection and Provision: The goat hair and durable leather coverings symbolized God's protection and provision for His people. Just as the coverings shielded the Tabernacle, God shielded Israel from harm and provided for their needs.

· Sacrifice and Atonement: The red-dyed ram skins pointed to the necessity of sacrifice for atonement. This foreshadowed the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who would fulfill the sacrificial system and provide eternal redemption.

Craftsmanship and Obedience

The construction of the Tabernacle coverings required skilled craftsmanship and obedience to God's commands. Bezalel and Oholiab, along with other skilled artisans, were filled with the Spirit of God to carry out the work (Exodus 31:1-6). Their meticulous work reflected the importance of following divine instructions and the role of human agency in fulfilling God's purposes.

In summary, the coverings of the Tabernacle were a vital component of its construction, rich in symbolism and theological meaning. They served as a constant reminder of God's presence, protection, and the covenant relationship with His chosen people.