Romans 1:1

Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God--

Study Bible

Paul
The name "Paul" is derived from the Latin "Paulus," meaning "small" or "humble." Historically, Paul, originally named Saul, was a Pharisee and a zealous persecutor of Christians before his dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus (Acts 9). His transformation from a persecutor to a leading apostle underscores the power of God's grace and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. Paul's Roman citizenship and Jewish heritage uniquely positioned him to bridge cultural divides and spread the gospel across the Roman Empire.

a servant
The Greek word used here is "doulos," which means "slave" or "bondservant." This term reflects a position of complete devotion and submission. In the context of the Roman world, a servant had no rights of their own and was entirely at the disposal of their master. Paul’s use of this term signifies his total commitment and surrender to Christ Jesus, emphasizing that his life and mission are entirely dedicated to serving his Lord.

of Christ Jesus
This phrase identifies the object of Paul's servitude. "Christ" is the Greek "Christos," meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." By identifying himself as a servant of Christ Jesus, Paul acknowledges Jesus as the promised Messiah and Savior, affirming his divine authority and mission.

called to be an apostle
The word "called" comes from the Greek "kletos," meaning "invited" or "appointed." This indicates a divine calling, not a self-appointed position. "Apostle" is from the Greek "apostolos," meaning "one who is sent." Paul’s apostleship was not of human origin but was divinely ordained by God. This calling underscores the authority and responsibility bestowed upon him to spread the gospel and establish churches.

and set apart
The Greek term "aphorismenos" means "separated" or "appointed." This phrase indicates a divine selection and consecration for a specific purpose. In the Old Testament, the concept of being set apart was often associated with holiness and dedication to God’s service. Paul’s life was distinctly marked by God for the mission of proclaiming the gospel.

for the gospel of God
"Gospel" is from the Greek "euangelion," meaning "good news." This good news is the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. "Of God" emphasizes the divine origin of this message. It is not a human invention but a revelation from God Himself. The gospel is central to Paul’s mission and message, highlighting the transformative power of God’s grace and the fulfillment of His redemptive plan through Jesus Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul
Originally known as Saul of Tarsus, Paul was a Pharisee who persecuted Christians before his dramatic conversion to Christianity. He became one of the most influential apostles, spreading the gospel across the Roman Empire.

2. Christ Jesus
The central figure of Christianity, believed to be the Son of God and the Savior of humanity. Paul identifies himself as a servant of Christ, indicating his total devotion and submission to Jesus.

3. Apostle
A term meaning "one who is sent out." Paul was called to be an apostle, signifying his role as a messenger and proclaimer of the gospel.

4. Gospel of God
The good news concerning God's plan of salvation through Jesus Christ. Paul was set apart to preach this message.

Teaching Points

Servanthood in Christ
Paul identifies himself as a servant, which in Greek is "doulos," meaning bondservant or slave. This reflects a life fully surrendered to Christ, which is a model for all believers.

Divine Calling
Just as Paul was called to be an apostle, every believer has a unique calling and purpose in God's kingdom. Understanding and pursuing this calling is essential for a fulfilling Christian life.

Set Apart for the Gospel
Being set apart, or "aphorizo" in Greek, indicates a life dedicated to God's purposes. Christians are called to live distinctively, prioritizing the gospel in their lives.

The Centrality of the Gospel
The gospel is the core message of Christianity. Believers are encouraged to know it, live it, and share it with others, following Paul's example.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul's identification as a "servant of Christ Jesus" challenge our understanding of Christian identity and service today?

2. In what ways can we discern and respond to God's calling in our own lives, similar to Paul's calling to be an apostle?

3. What does it mean to be "set apart for the gospel of God" in our daily lives, and how can we practically live this out?

4. How does Paul's transformation from persecutor to apostle inspire us to believe in the power of God's grace and redemption?

5. How can we ensure that the gospel remains central in our personal lives and within our church communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 9
Describes Paul's conversion on the road to Damascus, where he encounters the risen Christ and is called to be an apostle.

Galatians 1:15-16
Paul speaks of being set apart from birth and called by God's grace to reveal His Son in him, emphasizing his divine appointment.

1 Corinthians 9:16
Paul expresses the necessity laid upon him to preach the gospel, highlighting his sense of duty and calling.