Psalm 135:9

He sent signs and wonders into your midst, O Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his servants.

Study Bible

He sent signs and wonders into your midst
This phrase refers to the miraculous events that God performed in Egypt to demonstrate His power and authority. These signs and wonders are primarily recorded in the Book of Exodus, where God sent ten plagues upon Egypt. Each plague was a direct challenge to the Egyptian gods, showcasing the supremacy of the God of Israel. The term "signs and wonders" is often used in the Bible to describe divine acts that reveal God's power and purpose (e.g., Deuteronomy 4:34, Acts 2:22). These events were not only miraculous but also served as a testament to God's covenant with Israel and His commitment to their deliverance.

O Egypt
Egypt, in biblical times, was a powerful and influential nation known for its advanced civilization and polytheistic religion. It was often seen as a symbol of oppression and idolatry in the Bible. The Israelites' bondage in Egypt and their subsequent deliverance is a central narrative in the Old Testament, symbolizing God's power to save and redeem His people. Egypt's geographical location as a fertile land along the Nile River made it a significant player in ancient Near Eastern politics and culture. The plagues served as a direct confrontation to the Egyptian way of life and their pantheon of gods.

Against Pharaoh
Pharaoh was the title given to the rulers of ancient Egypt. The Pharaoh during the time of the Exodus is often identified with Rameses II, though the exact identity is debated among scholars. In the biblical narrative, Pharaoh represents the epitome of human pride and resistance against God's will. His hardened heart and refusal to release the Israelites despite the plagues demonstrate the futility of opposing God's plans. The confrontation between Moses and Pharaoh is a classic example of divine authority challenging earthly power, with God ultimately triumphing over human obstinacy.

And all his servants
This phrase indicates that the signs and wonders were not only directed at Pharaoh but also affected his officials and the entire Egyptian populace. The servants of Pharaoh, including his magicians and advisors, initially attempted to replicate the miracles but eventually acknowledged the power of the God of Israel (Exodus 8:19). The widespread impact of the plagues served to demonstrate God's power to all levels of Egyptian society, leading to a recognition of His sovereignty. This collective experience of God's judgment underscores the comprehensive nature of His deliverance and the fulfillment of His promises to Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Egypt
A significant nation in biblical history, often representing opposition to God's people. In this context, Egypt is the land where the Israelites were enslaved before the Exodus.

2. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt during the time of the Exodus. He is a central figure in the account of Israel's liberation, known for his hardened heart against God's commands.

3. Signs and Wonders
Miraculous acts performed by God to demonstrate His power and authority. In the context of Egypt, these include the ten plagues that led to the liberation of the Israelites.

4. Israelites
God's chosen people, who were enslaved in Egypt and later delivered through God's mighty acts.

5. Exodus
The event of Israel's liberation from Egyptian bondage, marked by God's miraculous interventions, including the plagues and the parting of the Red Sea.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Power
The signs and wonders in Egypt demonstrate God's supreme authority over all nations and rulers. Believers can trust in God's power to intervene in their lives.

Deliverance and Redemption
Just as God delivered Israel from Egypt, He offers spiritual deliverance through Jesus Christ. Reflect on the ways God has delivered you from spiritual bondage.

The Hardness of Heart
Pharaoh's hardened heart serves as a warning against resisting God's will. Examine areas in your life where you may be resisting God's guidance.

God's Faithfulness to His Promises
The fulfillment of God's promise to deliver Israel encourages believers to trust in His faithfulness to His promises today.

The Role of Miracles in Faith
While miracles can strengthen faith, true belief should rest on God's character and promises, not solely on miraculous signs.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the signs and wonders in Egypt reveal God's character and His relationship with His people?

2. In what ways can the account of the Exodus inspire you to trust in God's deliverance in your own life?

3. How does Pharaoh's response to God's signs serve as a cautionary tale for us today?

4. What are some modern-day "Egypts" or situations where you need to see God's power at work?

5. How can reflecting on God's past faithfulness, as seen in the Exodus, strengthen your faith in His promises for the future?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 7-12
These chapters detail the plagues sent upon Egypt, illustrating the "signs and wonders" mentioned in Psalm 135:9. They show God's power and His commitment to freeing His people.

Deuteronomy 6:22
This verse recalls the signs and wonders performed in Egypt, emphasizing God's mighty hand in delivering Israel.

Acts 7:36
Stephen's speech references the wonders and signs in Egypt, connecting the Old Testament events to the New Testament understanding of God's redemptive history.