Proverbs 31:4

It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,

Study Bible

It is not for kings
The phrase emphasizes the high calling and responsibility of those in leadership. In Hebrew, the word for "kings" is "מְלָכִים" (melachim), which denotes those who have authority and governance over others. Historically, kings were seen as representatives of divine order on earth, and their actions were expected to reflect wisdom and justice. This phrase serves as a reminder that leaders are held to a higher standard and must exercise self-control and discernment.

O Lemuel
The name "Lemuel" is unique and appears only in this chapter of Proverbs. It is often interpreted as a symbolic or poetic name, possibly meaning "devoted to God" or "belonging to God." This personal address suggests a direct and intimate counsel, possibly from a mother to her son, highlighting the importance of wisdom and moral integrity in leadership.

it is not for kings to drink wine
The repetition of "it is not for kings" underscores the seriousness of the admonition. "Wine" in Hebrew is "יַיִן" (yayin), a common beverage in ancient times, often associated with celebration and relaxation. However, for kings, the consumption of wine is cautioned against due to its potential to impair judgment. The historical context reveals that leaders were expected to maintain clarity of mind to govern justly and make sound decisions.

nor for rulers to crave strong drink
The term "rulers" expands the admonition to all those in positions of authority, not just kings. "Strong drink" in Hebrew is "שֵׁכָר" (shekar), referring to fermented beverages with higher alcohol content. The word "crave" suggests a deeper issue of desire and lack of self-control. In a scriptural context, leaders are called to exhibit temperance and avoid indulgences that could lead to moral and ethical compromise.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Lemuel
A king who is traditionally believed to have received wise teachings from his mother. The identity of Lemuel is not definitively known, but he is often considered a symbolic or poetic figure representing any ruler or leader.

2. Kings and Rulers
The verse addresses those in positions of authority and leadership, emphasizing their responsibility to govern wisely and justly.

3. Wine and Strong Drink
These substances are used symbolically to represent indulgence and potential impairment of judgment, which can lead to poor decision-making.

Teaching Points

The Responsibility of Leadership
Leaders are called to a higher standard of conduct. Their decisions impact many, and thus they must remain clear-headed and wise.

The Dangers of Indulgence
While the Bible does not prohibit alcohol, it warns against excess and the loss of self-control, which can lead to moral and ethical failures.

Wisdom in Decision-Making
Leaders must prioritize wisdom and discernment over personal pleasure or indulgence to fulfill their roles effectively.

The Influence of Role Models
King Lemuel's mother serves as a role model, emphasizing the importance of wise counsel and guidance in shaping leaders.

Self-Control as a Virtue
Self-control is a fruit of the Spirit and is essential for anyone in a position of influence, ensuring that their actions align with godly principles.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the advice given to King Lemuel in Proverbs 31:4 apply to modern-day leaders, both in the church and in secular positions?

2. In what ways can indulgence in substances like alcohol impair judgment and decision-making, particularly for those in leadership roles?

3. How can we apply the principle of self-control in our own lives, especially when faced with temptations that could lead to poor decisions?

4. What other biblical examples can you find where leaders failed due to a lack of self-control or indulgence in pleasures?

5. How can we seek and provide wise counsel to those in leadership positions, similar to the guidance King Lemuel received from his mother?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 20:1
This verse warns about the deceptive nature of wine and strong drink, reinforcing the idea that they can lead to unwise behavior.

Isaiah 5:22
This passage criticizes those who are heroes at drinking wine, highlighting the folly of excessive indulgence.

1 Timothy 3:2-3
In the New Testament, Paul outlines the qualifications for church leaders, including being temperate and not given to drunkenness, which aligns with the wisdom given to King Lemuel.