Definition and Usage in Scripture:

Wine and strong drink are frequently mentioned in the Bible, serving various roles in religious, social, and moral contexts. Wine, typically fermented grape juice, was a common beverage in biblical times, while strong drink refers to more potent alcoholic beverages.

Old Testament References:

Wine is first mentioned in Genesis 9:20-21, where Noah becomes drunk after planting a vineyard. This early account highlights both the agricultural significance of vineyards and the potential for misuse of wine. In Leviticus 10:9, priests are commanded not to drink wine or strong drink when entering the tent of meeting, indicating the need for sobriety in religious service.

Proverbs 20:1 warns, "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whoever is led astray by them is not wise." This verse underscores the potential for wine and strong drink to lead individuals away from wisdom and righteousness.

Conversely, wine is also depicted as a blessing. Psalm 104:14-15 states, "He makes the grass grow for the livestock and provides crops for man to cultivate, bringing forth food from the earth: wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil that makes his face to shine, and bread that sustains his heart." Here, wine is seen as a gift from God that brings joy.

New Testament References:

In the New Testament, wine continues to play a significant role. Jesus' first miracle, turning water into wine at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1-11), demonstrates the cultural importance of wine in celebrations and the acknowledgment of its place in social customs.

The Apostle Paul advises Timothy in 1 Timothy 5:23, "Stop drinking only water and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses." This suggests a medicinal use of wine, reflecting its perceived health benefits.

However, the New Testament also cautions against excess. Ephesians 5:18 instructs, "Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit." This highlights the importance of moderation and the dangers of drunkenness.

Symbolism and Sacramental Use:

Wine holds symbolic significance in biblical texts. It is often associated with joy, abundance, and divine blessing. In the context of the Last Supper, wine becomes a central element of Christian sacramental practice. Jesus uses wine to represent His blood in the institution of the Lord's Supper, as recorded in Matthew 26:27-28: "Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, 'Drink from it, all of you. This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.'"

Moral and Ethical Considerations:

The Bible presents a balanced view of wine and strong drink, recognizing both their potential benefits and dangers. While wine is acknowledged as a source of joy and a symbol of blessing, the scriptures consistently warn against overindulgence and the moral pitfalls of drunkenness. Believers are encouraged to exercise self-control and discernment, ensuring that their use of wine and strong drink aligns with a life of holiness and devotion to God.