Numbers 27:4

Why should the name of our father disappear from his clan because he had no sons? Give us property among our father's brothers."

Study Bible

Why should the name of our father disappear
This phrase highlights the cultural and historical importance of lineage and inheritance in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "name" (שֵׁם, shem) signifies more than just a label; it represents identity, legacy, and continuity. In the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, a family's name was carried on through male descendants. The daughters of Zelophehad, who speak these words, challenge the norm by advocating for their father's legacy despite the absence of sons. This reflects a broader biblical theme of God's concern for justice and the preservation of family heritage.

from his clan
The term "clan" (מִשְׁפָּחָה, mishpachah) refers to a larger family unit within the tribe, emphasizing the communal nature of Israelite society. Each clan had its own inheritance and land allotment, which were crucial for maintaining social and economic stability. The daughters' plea underscores the interconnectedness of individual families within the broader tribal structure and the potential impact of losing a family's inheritance on the clan's integrity.

because he had no sons?
This phrase points to the traditional inheritance laws in Israel, where property was typically passed down through male heirs. The absence of sons in a family posed a significant challenge, as it threatened the continuity of the family's name and property. The daughters' question challenges the status quo, highlighting a gap in the law that could lead to injustice. Their boldness in addressing this issue reflects a deep faith in God's justice and a willingness to seek change within the framework of the law.

Give us property
The request for "property" (אֲחֻזָּה, achuzzah) is a direct appeal for a share in the inheritance, which was a radical notion at the time. The Hebrew term implies a permanent possession, a stake in the land that was both a source of livelihood and a symbol of God's promise to His people. By asking for property, the daughters of Zelophehad assert their right to participate in the covenant blessings, challenging societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive understanding of God's promises.

among our father’s brothers
This phrase situates the request within the family and tribal context, emphasizing the daughters' desire to maintain their connection to their father's lineage. By seeking an inheritance "among our father’s brothers," they aim to preserve their father's name and ensure their place within the community. This appeal to familial ties highlights the importance of kinship and solidarity in ancient Israel, as well as the potential for legal and social reform when individuals courageously advocate for justice and equity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zelophehad
A man from the tribe of Manasseh who died without male heirs. His daughters approached Moses to claim their inheritance.

2. Daughters of Zelophehad
Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah, who courageously petitioned for their right to inherit their father's property.

3. Moses
The leader of Israel who brought the daughters' case before the LORD.

4. Israelite Inheritance Laws
The context of this passage involves the laws of inheritance, which traditionally favored male heirs.

5. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which was being divided among the tribes of Israel.

Teaching Points

Courage in Advocacy
The daughters of Zelophehad demonstrated courage by challenging societal norms. Believers are encouraged to stand up for justice and righteousness, even when it requires challenging established traditions.

God's Justice and Fairness
This passage highlights God's concern for justice and fairness. It reminds us that God values each individual and their rightful place within His community.

The Role of Women in God's Plan
The account underscores the significant role women play in God's plan, challenging cultural norms and advocating for their rightful place in the community of faith.

Faith in Action
The daughters' faith led them to take action. Believers are encouraged to put their faith into practice by seeking God's will and advocating for what is right.

Inheritance in Christ
Just as the daughters sought their earthly inheritance, believers are reminded of their spiritual inheritance in Christ, which is available to all who believe.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from the daughters of Zelophehad about advocating for justice within our communities today?

2. How does the account of Zelophehad's daughters challenge traditional views on gender roles within the church?

3. In what ways does this passage reflect God's character of justice and fairness, and how can we apply these attributes in our daily lives?

4. How does the concept of inheritance in this passage relate to our spiritual inheritance as believers in Christ?

5. What other biblical examples can you think of where individuals stood up for justice, and what were the outcomes? How can these examples inspire us in our own lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Joshua 17:3-6
This passage recounts the fulfillment of the daughters' request, showing God's faithfulness in granting them an inheritance.

Galatians 3:28
This New Testament verse speaks to the equality of all believers in Christ, echoing the theme of justice and equality seen in the daughters' plea.

Deuteronomy 21:15-17
Discusses inheritance rights, providing a broader context for understanding the legal and cultural background of inheritance laws in Israel.