Nehemiah 10:34
We have cast lots among the priests, Levites, and people for the donation of wood by our families at the appointed times each year. They are to bring it to the house of our God to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the Law.
We have cast lots
The practice of casting lots is deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition as a means of discerning God's will. The Hebrew word for "lots" is "goral," which signifies a small stone or object used in decision-making. This method reflects a reliance on divine providence rather than human judgment. In the context of Nehemiah, casting lots ensured fairness and impartiality in the distribution of responsibilities among the people, emphasizing the community's collective commitment to God's service.

among the priests, Levites, and people
This phrase highlights the inclusive nature of the covenant community. The priests and Levites held specific roles in temple service, but the inclusion of "people" underscores the shared responsibility of all Israelites in maintaining the worship and service of God. Historically, this reflects the post-exilic community's effort to re-establish a unified identity centered around the temple and the Law.

to bring a supply of wood
Wood was essential for the burnt offerings on the altar, symbolizing the people's dedication and worship. The Hebrew word "ets" for wood signifies not just the physical material but also the effort and resources required to sustain the temple's sacrificial system. This task was a practical expression of devotion, ensuring that the altar of the LORD remained active and vibrant.

to our God’s house
The phrase "God’s house" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship and the symbol of God's presence among His people. The temple was not merely a physical structure but a spiritual center where heaven and earth met. This commitment to supplying wood for the temple reflects the community's dedication to maintaining a sacred space for encountering God.

at appointed times each year
The phrase "appointed times" indicates a structured and orderly approach to worship, aligning with the Hebrew concept of "moed," meaning appointed time or season. This regularity ensured that the temple services were sustained throughout the year, reflecting the rhythm of worship and the cyclical nature of the Jewish calendar, which included festivals and holy days.

according to our families
This phrase emphasizes the familial and communal aspect of worship. Each family had a role in supporting the temple, fostering a sense of belonging and shared purpose. It reflects the biblical principle that faith and worship are not just individual acts but are deeply rooted in family and community life.

to burn on the altar of the LORD our God
The altar was the focal point of sacrificial worship, representing atonement, thanksgiving, and communion with God. The act of burning offerings was a tangible expression of devotion and obedience. The phrase "the LORD our God" reaffirms the covenant relationship between God and His people, highlighting His sovereignty and their allegiance.

as it is written in the Law
This phrase underscores the authority of the Torah as the guiding standard for the community's life and worship. The Law provided the framework for their covenant relationship with God, and adherence to it was seen as an expression of faithfulness and obedience. This commitment to the Law reflects the post-exilic community's desire to align their lives with God's revealed will, as they sought to rebuild and restore their identity as His people.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Nehemiah
A Jewish leader who played a crucial role in rebuilding Jerusalem's walls and reforming the community after the Babylonian exile.

2. Priests and Levites
Religious leaders responsible for temple duties, including sacrifices and maintaining the spiritual life of Israel.

3. The People
The broader community of Israelites who participated in the covenant renewal and temple service.

4. The House of God
Refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites.

5. Casting Lots
A method used to make decisions or distribute responsibilities, believed to reflect God's will.
Teaching Points
Commitment to Worship
The Israelites' dedication to providing wood for the altar demonstrates their commitment to maintaining worship practices. We should prioritize our resources and time to support our places of worship.

Community Responsibility
The shared responsibility among priests, Levites, and the people illustrates the importance of community involvement in spiritual practices. Each member of the church has a role in supporting and sustaining its mission.

Obedience to God's Law
The reference to the Law underscores the importance of aligning our actions with God's commandments. We should strive to understand and follow biblical teachings in our daily lives.

Divine Guidance in Decision-Making
The use of casting lots reflects trust in God's sovereignty over decisions. We should seek God's guidance in our choices, trusting that He directs our paths.

Regular Spiritual Practices
The appointed times for bringing wood highlight the need for regularity in our spiritual disciplines. Establishing consistent habits of prayer, study, and worship strengthens our faith.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the practice of casting lots in Nehemiah 10:34 reflect the Israelites' trust in God's guidance, and how can we apply this trust in our decision-making today?

2. In what ways can we, as a church community, share responsibilities to support our place of worship, similar to the Israelites' commitment to providing wood for the altar?

3. How does the requirement for a continual fire on the altar in Leviticus 6:12-13 relate to our need for ongoing spiritual practices?

4. What are some practical ways we can ensure our actions align with God's commandments, as demonstrated by the Israelites' obedience to the Law?

5. How can we establish and maintain regular spiritual disciplines in our lives, and what benefits might we experience from doing so?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 6:12-13
This passage outlines the requirement for a continual fire on the altar, which connects to the need for a regular supply of wood as mentioned in Nehemiah 10:34.

Exodus 30:7-8
Describes the daily offerings and the maintenance of the altar, emphasizing the importance of regular worship practices.

Proverbs 16:33
Discusses the casting of lots, highlighting the belief that decisions made this way are guided by God.
Entering into CovenantW. Clarkson Nehemiah 10:1-37
A National CovenantThe ThinkerNehemiah 10:1-39
Covenant ComfortThe ThinkerNehemiah 10:1-39
Covenanting with GodW. Ritchie.Nehemiah 10:1-39
Solemn Engagement to Maintain the House of GodR.A. Redford Nehemiah 10:1-39
Voluntary TaxationHomiletical CommentaryNehemiah 10:32-39
People
Aaron, Abijah, Adin, Adonijah, Ahiah, Ahijah, Amariah, Anaiah, Anan, Anathoth, Ater, Azaniah, Azariah, Azgad, Azzur, Baanah, Bani, Baruch, Bebai, Beninu, Bezai, Bigvai, Bilgai, Binnui, Bunni, Daniel, Elam, Ginnethon, Hachaliah, Hallohesh, Hanan, Hananiah, Harim, Hariph, Hashabiah, Hashabnah, Hashub, Hashum, Hasshub, Hattush, Henadad, Hezekiah, Hezir, Hizkijah, Hodiah, Hodijah, Hoshea, Jaddua, Jeremiah, Jeshua, Kadmiel, Kelita, Levi, Levites, Maaseiah, Maaziah, Magpiash, Malchijah, Malluch, Meremoth, Meshezabeel, Meshullam, Micha, Mijamin, Nebai, Nehemiah, Obadiah, Pahathmoab, Parosh, Pashur, Pelaiah, Pelatiah, Pileha, Rehob, Rehum, Seraiah, Shebaniah, Shemaiah, Sherebiah, Shobek, Zaccur, Zadok, Zatthu, Zattu, Zedekiah, Zidkijah
Places
Gate of Ephraim
Topics
Altar, Annually, Appointed, Bring, Burn, Burned, Cast, Caused, Contribution, Decision, Determine, Fall, Families, Fathers, Fixed, Households, Houses, Law, Levites, Likewise, Lots, Offering, Priests, Recorded, Regular, Selection, Supply, Wood, Wood-offering, Written
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Nehemiah 10:34

     4552   wood
     4912   chance
     7392   lots, casting of

Nehemiah 10:34-38

     7382   house of God

Library
The "Fraternity" of Pharisees
To realise the state of religious society at the time of our Lord, the fact that the Pharisees were a regular "order," and that there were many such "fraternities," in great measure the outcome of the original Pharisees, must always be kept in view. For the New Testament simply transports us among contemporary scenes and actors, taking the then existent state of things, so to speak, for granted. But the fact referred to explains many seemingly strange circumstances, and casts fresh light upon all.
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

The Formation of the Old Testament Canon
[Sidenote: Israel's literature at the beginning of the fourth century before Christ] Could we have studied the scriptures of the Israelitish race about 400 B.C., we should have classified them under four great divisions: (1) The prophetic writings, represented by the combined early Judean, Ephraimite, and late prophetic or Deuteronomic narratives, and their continuation in Samuel and Kings, together with the earlier and exilic prophecies; (2) the legal, represented by the majority of the Old Testament
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

Influences that Gave Rise to the Priestly Laws and Histories
[Sidenote: Influences in the exile that produced written ceremonial laws] The Babylonian exile gave a great opportunity and incentive to the further development of written law. While the temple stood, the ceremonial rites and customs received constant illustration, and were transmitted directly from father to son in the priestly families. Hence, there was little need of writing them down. But when most of the priests were carried captive to Babylonia, as in 597 B.C., and ten years later the temple
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

The Second Commandment
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am o jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of then that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.' Exod 20: 4-6. I. Thou shalt not
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Ezra-Nehemiah
Some of the most complicated problems in Hebrew history as well as in the literary criticism of the Old Testament gather about the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Apart from these books, all that we know of the origin and early history of Judaism is inferential. They are our only historical sources for that period; and if in them we have, as we seem to have, authentic memoirs, fragmentary though they be, written by the two men who, more than any other, gave permanent shape and direction to Judaism, then
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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