Mark 2:18

Now John's disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, "Why don't Your disciples fast like John's disciples and those of the Pharisees?"

Study Bible

Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting
The practice of fasting in Jewish tradition was a sign of piety, repentance, and devotion. The Greek word for "fasting" is "nēsteuō," which implies abstaining from food for spiritual purposes. Historically, fasting was observed on specific days, such as the Day of Atonement, and during times of mourning or crisis. John the Baptist's disciples, following his ascetic lifestyle, would naturally engage in fasting. The Pharisees, known for their strict adherence to the Law, also practiced fasting regularly, often twice a week, as a demonstration of their religious commitment. This sets the stage for a contrast between the old covenant practices and the new covenant that Jesus was introducing.

So they came to Jesus and asked
The approach to Jesus by these groups indicates a recognition of His growing influence and authority. The Greek verb "erōtaō" used here for "asked" suggests a questioning that seeks to understand or challenge. This encounter reflects the tension between traditional Jewish practices and the new teachings of Jesus. It is a moment of confrontation and inquiry, where the established religious norms are being questioned by the presence of Jesus and His followers.

'Why do John’s disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but Yours do not?'
This question highlights the perceived inconsistency in religious observance. The phrase "John’s disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees" underscores the diversity within Jewish religious life at the time, with different groups having their own interpretations and practices. The Greek word "mathētēs" for "disciples" indicates followers or learners, emphasizing the role of these individuals in adhering to the teachings of their respective leaders. The question posed to Jesus is not merely about fasting but about the broader implications of His ministry and the new covenant He represents. Jesus' response, which follows in the subsequent verses, will reveal the transformative nature of His mission and the new relationship between God and humanity that He is inaugurating. This moment invites reflection on the essence of religious practice and the heart of true devotion, challenging believers to consider the spirit rather than the letter of the law.

Persons / Places / Events

1. John's Disciples
Followers of John the Baptist, who practiced fasting as a sign of repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah.

2. The Pharisees
A Jewish religious group known for strict adherence to the Law and traditions, including regular fasting as a religious duty.

3. Jesus
Central figure of the New Testament, whose actions and teachings often challenged traditional Jewish practices.

4. Fasting
A religious practice involving abstaining from food, often associated with mourning, repentance, or seeking God's favor.

5. The Questioners
Unspecified people who approached Jesus, reflecting the curiosity and confusion about His different approach to religious practices.

Teaching Points

Understanding Fasting in Context
Fasting was a common religious practice in Judaism, often associated with mourning or repentance. Jesus' ministry introduced a new covenant, shifting the focus from ritual to relationship.

The New Covenant
Jesus' response to the question about fasting highlights the newness of His ministry. The presence of the "bridegroom" (Jesus) signifies a time of joy, not mourning, indicating a shift from old traditions to new life in Christ.

Heart Over Ritual
Jesus emphasizes the importance of the heart's condition over mere external observance. True fasting, as taught in the Bible, involves humility, repentance, and aligning one's heart with God's will.

Balance in Spiritual Disciplines
While fasting is a valuable spiritual discipline, it should not become a legalistic practice. Believers are encouraged to seek God's guidance on when and how to fast, ensuring it is done with the right motives.

Living in the Joy of Christ
As followers of Christ, we are called to live in the joy and freedom of the new covenant. Our spiritual practices should reflect the joy of salvation and the presence of Christ in our lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the practice of fasting in the Old Testament differ from the understanding of fasting in the New Testament, particularly in the context of Jesus' ministry?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our spiritual disciplines, such as fasting, are focused on the heart and not just external rituals?

3. How does the presence of Jesus as the "bridegroom" change the way we approach traditional religious practices?

4. What are some practical ways we can live out the joy and freedom of the new covenant in our daily lives?

5. How can we discern when God is calling us to fast, and what should be our primary focus during such times?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 9:14-17
and Luke 5:33-39
These parallel accounts provide additional context and details about the question of fasting and Jesus' response, emphasizing the newness of His ministry.

Isaiah 58:3-7
This passage critiques superficial fasting and highlights the importance of genuine repentance and social justice, aligning with Jesus' teachings on the heart's condition over mere ritual.

Acts 13:2-3
Demonstrates the early church's practice of fasting in seeking God's guidance, showing that fasting continued as a spiritual discipline in the Christian community.